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Chapter
7 Nutrients: Nutrients:
From Food to
You Food to You
Chapter
From
Nutrients provide energy, build and
repair body cells, and keep your body
working.
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Chapter 7 Nutrients: From Food to You
Content Vocabulary
Academic Vocabulary
nutrient
appropriate
carbohydrate
process
sugar
starch
fiber
proteins
vitamins
minerals
Recommended Dietary
Allowances
malnutrition
supplement
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Chapter 7 Nutrients: From Food to You
Nutrients for Wellness
More than 40 nutrients belong in six groups:
carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water.
nutrient
A substance that perform a job in your body.
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Chapter 7 Nutrients: From Food to You
What Nutrients Do for You
Give you energy: your body
uses energy even when you
sleep
Build and repair body cells:
Proteins help build and repair
cells and help you grow
process
Regulate body processes:
Body processes include
breathing, digesting food, and
building red blood cells
A function
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Chapter 7 Nutrients: From Food to You
How Digestion and Absorption Work
Mouth
Large
Intestine
Esophagus
Stomach
Liver
Small
Intestine
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Chapter 7 Nutrients: From Food to You
Meet the Nutrients
Carbohydrates: Your Main Energy Source
A carbohydrate is an important nutrient that helps proteins
and fats do their regular jobs.
carbohydrate
A nutrient that serves as the body’s main
energy source.
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Chapter 7 Nutrients: From Food to You
Meet the Nutrients
Sugar is a simple carbohydrate because it is made
of one or two sugar units.
sugar
A simple carbohydrate that are digested
quickly.
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Chapter 7 Nutrients: From Food to You
Meet the Nutrients
Starch is broken down during the digestion process
into single sugars, which are used to make energy.
starch
Many sugar units attached together.
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Chapter 7 Nutrients: From Food to You
Meet the Nutrients
Complex carbohydrates are starches and fiber.
fiber
Plant material that cannot be digested.
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Chapter 7 Nutrients: From Food to You
Foods with Carbohydrates
• Grain products
• Starchy vegetables
• Legumes
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Chapter 7 Nutrients: From Food to You
Fats: Nutrients Essential to Your Health
Fats provide energy,
insulate you from heat and
cold, and cushion vital
organs. Fats are naturally
present in meat, poultry, fish,
dairy foods, and nuts. Eating
too much fat increases your
risk of heart disease.
Saturated
Fats
Wellness
Trans
Fats
Types
of
Fats
Unsaturated
Fats
Cholesterol is a fat-like
substance found in body
cells. High levels in the
bloodstream have been linked
to heart disease.
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Chapter 7 Nutrients: From Food to You
Proteins: Your Body’s Building Blocks
Proteins are needed for growth and fighting disease, are
made of many small units called amino acids, and help give
you energy if you do not take in enough carbohydrates and
fats.
Types and Sources of Protein:
Complete proteins
Incomplete proteins
proteins
Substances that the body uses to build new
cells and repair injured ones.
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Chapter 7 Nutrients: From Food to You
Water is a Nutrient!
Every body cell contains
water.
Water helps digestive
process by eliminating
waste.
Water carries nutrients.
Water helps regulate
body temperature.
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Chapter 7 Nutrients: From Food to You
Vital Vitamins
Vitamins do not provide energy or build body tissue,
but your body cannot produce energy without them.
Fat-soluble vitamins—A, D, E, and K—dissolve in
fat. Excess amounts can build up to harmful levels in
your body.
vitamins
Nutrients that help regulate body processes
and help other nutrients do their work.
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Chapter 7 Nutrients: From Food to You
Mighty Minerals
Your body uses minerals for many processes.
minerals
Inorganic nutrients that are essential for
health and growth.
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Chapter 7 Nutrients: From Food to You
Build Strong Bones for Life
Bones grow with the help of calcium, phosphorus,
and magnesium. Your need for calcium is highest
during your teen years.
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Chapter 7 Nutrients: From Food to You
Eat Right for Healthy Blood
Iron helps red blood cells carry oxygen to all your
cells. If you do not eat enough foods with iron, you
many develop anemia.
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Chapter 7 Nutrients: From Food to You
Nutrients and Energy
What are Calories?
Calories are not a food ingredient
or nutrient, instead, they are units
the measure energy.
Energy in Food
Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
provide energy.
Food provides energy so your body
can do its work, even for sleep.
When you balance the energy from
your food and drinks with the
amount your body uses, you
maintain your weight.
Energy Your Body Uses
Energy in Balance
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Chapter 7 Nutrients: From Food to You
Nutrient Advice
The Recommended Dietary Allowances are part
of the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) from the
Institute of Medicine.
Poor nutrition can cause malnutrition.
Recommended Dietary Allowance
Governmental advice about daily nutrient
needs for most healthy people.
Malnutrition Poor nutrition.
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Chapter 7 Nutrients: From Food to You
Nutrient Advice
Dietary supplements may be sold as pills, capsules,
liquids, or powders. With wise food choices, you
probably do not need a supplement.
supplements
Contains nutrients or other food substances
that add to your diet.
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Chapter 7 Nutrients: From Food to You
After You Read
Review Key Concepts
List the three main nutrient functions.
The six categories of nutrients are: carbohydrates, fats,
proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water.
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Chapter 7 Nutrients: From Food to You
After You Read
Review Key Concepts
List food sources of carbohydrates, fats,
proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water.
Food sources of carbohydrates are grain products, such as
breads, cereal, rice, grits, and pasta; starchy vegetables, such as
squash, potatoes, and corn; and legumes, such as beans, peas,
and lentils. Food sources of fat are meat, poultry, fish, dairy
foods, and nuts. Food sources of proteins are food from animal
sources, such as meat, poultry, fish, eggs, and dairy products or
from soy for complete proteins, or plant sources such as beans,
peas, grains, and nuts for incomplete proteins. Water can come
from plain water, juice, milk, and soups, as well as most foods.
Vitamins and minerals come from a variety of foods.
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Chapter 7 Nutrients: From Food to You
After You Read
Review Key Concepts
Explain energy balance.
Energy balance is consuming the same amount of energy,
or calories, as your body uses. When you balance the
energy from your food and drinks with the amount your
body uses, you maintain your weight. If you eat more food
and drinks than the amount your body uses, you gain
weight. If you eat less food or drinks than the amount your
body uses, you lose weight.
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Chapter 7 Nutrients: From Food to You
After You Read
Review Key Concepts
Describe the possible effects of getting too few
or too many nutrients.
Getting too few nutrients may result in poor health or a lack
of energy. If you get too much of a nutrient, the body gets
rid of extra water-soluble vitamins as waste. Extra energy
from carbohydrates, proteins, or fats turns into body fat. If
you take too many fat-soluble vitamins, as well as some
minerals, they can build up in the body and create health
problems.
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Chapter 7 Nutrients: From Food to You
After You Read
Review Key Concepts
Describe the safe use of dietary supplements.
Health professionals may recommend supplements for
specific reasons including calcium supplements for people
who are allergic to milk, or to some elderly people,
pregnant or nursing women, people on certain medications,
or those recovering from illness. Taking large amounts of
these vitamins may cause health problems. Some watersoluble supplements can cause your kidneys to work too
hard to remove the excess, while others may harm your
liver and other organs.
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Chapter 7 Nutrients: From Food to You
End of
Chapter 7
Nutrients: From
Food to You
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