Biotechnology
Biotechnology is the combination of technology and biological sciences.
1. Selective breeding
•Inbreeding
•Hybridization
Resources:
Biology (Prentice Hall)
Chapter 13 Genetic Engineering
Pages 319 to 336
2. Genetic Engineering
•Electrophoresis Gel
•DNA fingerprint
•Cloning
•Genetically Modified Organisms
www.mrsoto2012.wikispaces.com
3. What do you have to know?
Name of the
technique
Brief description of what is
involved in the technique
One specific example of how
this technique has been used
How humans have benefited
from that technique?
What are the
concerns?
Goal: Understand the meaning of “Selective Breeding”
New Word: Select, choose, breeding, mating, crossing, reproducing, procreating
Selective
choosy
Breeding
discriminating
mating
reproduction
Definitions of breeding:
procreation
crossing
• Producing offspring by the selection of parents
• Giving birth to young
• Reproduce
In context
• Rabbits breed quickly
• Breeding dogs and raising puppies can be an extremely rewarding experience or
it may produce frustration and failure.
Goal: Understand the Process of Selective Breeding
New Word: Select, choose, breeding, mating, crossing, reproducing, procreating
Selecting Breeding
Red delicious Machintosh
Sweet
1.
Tart
Granny Smith
Juicy
Gala
Wild apple
Sour
Crunchy
Type
Red delicious
Macintosh
Granny Smith
Gala
Wild apple
Color
red
green
yellow
green
Yellow
Shape
round
round
round
round
Flat
Size
medium
big
small
big
Very small
Taste
sweet
tart
juicy
sour
crunchy
Examine apples of different varieties
2. Record the color, shape, size, taste.
3. Circle the most desirable traits for an apple you would like to grow
4. How could you produce an apple that has the best traits of all 5 varieties?
5. Most apple trees do not produce fruit until they are about 15 years old. How could you use your knowledge of DNA to
produce a new variety of apple more quickly
Goal: Understand the Process of Selective Breeding
New Word: Select, choose, breeding, mating, crossing, reproducing, procreating
Selective Breeding
•The breeding of animals or plants that have desirable characteristics
•Breeding an organism that has a desirable trait with another so that
the desirable trait is passed to the next generation.
http://www.westminsterkennelclub.org/
Goal: Understand the Process of Inbreeding
New Word: Select, choose, breeding, mating, crossing, reproducing, procreating
Inbreeding
Inbreeding is the continued breeding of individuals with
similar characteristics.
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/harvest/engineer/select.html
Goal: Understand the Process of Inbreeding
New Word: Select, choose, breeding, mating, crossing, reproducing, procreating
Goal: Understand the Process of Hybridization
New Word: Select, choose, breeding, mating, crossing, reproducing, procreating
Hybridization
Hybridization is the crossing dissimilar individuals to bring together
the best of both organisms.
Donkey
Horse
Mule
Zeedonk
Goal: Understand the Process of Hybridization
New Word: Select, choose, breeding, mating, crossing, reproducing, procreating
Example of Hybrids
•Mule, a cross of female horse and a male
donkey.
•Hinny, a cross between a female donkey and
a male horse. Mule and hinny are examples of
reciprocal hybrids.
•Zeedonk or Zonkey, a zebra/donkey cross.
•Zorse, a zebra/horse cross
•Beefalo, a cross of an American bison and a
domestic cow. This is a fertile breed.
•Zubron, a hybrid between wisent (European
bison) and domestic cow.
•Ligers and Tiglons (crosses between a lion
and a tiger) and other Panthera hybrids such
as the lijagulep.
Goal: Understand the Process of Selective Breeding
New Word: Select, choose, breeding, mating, crossing, reproducing, procreating
Selective
Breeding
consists of
Similar
organisms
Organism
breed A
which crosses
which crosses
Organism
breed A
Retains desired
characteristics
for
example
for
example
Combines desired
characteristics
Organism
breed B
Inbreeding
Hybridization
Dissimilar
organisms
which
which
Goal: Understand the Process of Selective Breeding
Concept
Map
New Word: Select, choose,
breeding,
mating, crossing, reproducing, procreating
Section 13-1
Selective
Breeding
consists of
Inbreeding
Hybridization
which crosses
which crosses
Similar
organisms
Dissimilar
organisms
for
example
for
example
Organism
breed A
Organism
breed B
Organism
breed A
which
which
Retains desired
characteristics
Combines desired
characteristics
Goal: Understand the Process of Selective Breeding
New Word: Select, choose, breeding, mating, crossing, reproducing, procreating
DO NOW: Fill the blanks with the words: hybridization or inbreeding
a) Crossing individuals with different traits is called ________________________
hybridization
b) Breeding individuals with similar characteristics is called __________________
inbreeding
c) Crossing dissimilar individuals to bring together the best of both organisms
hybridization
___________________________
inbreeding
a) The continued breeding of individuals with similar characteristics_____________
Goal: Understand the Process of Selective Breeding
New Word: Select, choose, breeding, mating, crossing, reproducing, procreating
4. To produce large tomatoes that are resistant to cracking and
splitting, some seed companies use the pollen from one variety of
tomato plant to fertilize a different variety of tomato plant. This
Selective breeding (Hybridization)
process is an example of _________________________________
5. White short-horned cattle and Black Angus cattle have been
crossed to produce offspring with superior beef and rapid growth
qualities. This process of choosing organisms with the most
Selective breeding
desirable traits for mating is known as _______________________
(Hybridization)
Goal: Understand the Process of Selective Breeding
New Word: Select, choose, breeding, mating, crossing, reproducing, procreating
Name of the
technique
Inbreeding
Hybridization
Brief description of
what is involved in
the technique
The breeding of animals Crossing dissimilar organisms
or plants that have similar to combine the best of both
characteristics
One specific
example of how this
technique has been
used
Breeding of dogs or
horses
Mule, a cross of female
horse and a male donkey
Goal: Understand the Process of Selective Breeding
New Word: Select, choose, breeding, mating, crossing, reproducing, procreating
Name of the
technique
What are the
benefits?
Inbreeding
To preserve traits that make each
breed unique
•Lack of variation: Most of the
members of a breed are genetically
similar
What are the
concern?
Hybridization
To obtain a new organism
with the best of both
parents
Offspring may not retain
unique features (those
•Diseases spread easily in the cloned features breeders are
population
interested in)
•Offspring may suffer from a number
of genetic defects and diseases:
blindness, joint deformities,…
Goal: Understand the Process of Selective Breeding
New Word: Select, choose, breeding, mating, crossing, reproducing, procreating
For many years, humans have used a variety of techniques that have influenced the genetic
makeup of organisms. These techniques have led to the production of new varieties of
organisms that possess characteristics that are useful to humans.
Identify one technique presently being used to alter the genetic makeup of an organism, and
explain how humans can benefit from this change.
Your answer must include at least:
(1) the name of the technique used to alter the genetic makeup
(2) a brief description of what is involved in this technique
(3) one specific example of how this technique has been used
(4) a statement of how humans have benefited from the production of this new variety of
organism
Technique
Description
Example
Inbreeding
Reproduction of
individuals with similar
traits
Breeding Dogs or horses
Hybridization
Crossing dissimilar
organisms to combine
the best of both
Cross disease resistance
of one plant with the foodproducing capacity of
another.
How humans have benefit from these
technique
To obtain a desired line of
organisms
To obtain plants and
animals farmers need to
increase food production