Ch. 33 Notes:
Skeletal, Muscular,
and Integumentary
Systems
Objectives
10A describe the interactions that occur among systems that
perform the functions of regulation, nutrient absorption,
reproduction, and defense from injury or illness in animals;
10C analyze the levels of organization in biological systems and
relate the levels to each other and to the whole system;
11A describe the role of internal feedback mechanisms in the
maintenance of homeostasis
Skeletal System
 Skeletal
System
 The
skeletal system includes bones
and tissues that are important for
supporting, protecting, and moving
your body
Also
store minerals and produce
blood cells
 Your
skeletal system is made up of
two systems
Appendicular
skeleton- limbs
and pelvis that aid in movement
(white)
Axial
skeleton- head and spine
that support body weight and
protect organs (red)
 Cartilage
is a flexible connective tissue found between
your bones that allows for smooth movements
cartilage
 Bones
connect to form joints
Gliding
Pivot
joints- ankle and wrist
joints- all rotation, your head
Ball-and-socket
legs
Saddle
Hinge
joint- almost any direction- arms and
joint- limited ball and socket, like your thumb
joint- one directional movement, your knees
 Bones
are living tissue!
Compact
Spongy
bone- hard outer tissues
bone- porous tissues that protects the red
marrow- site of new blood cell creation
Muscular System
 Muscles
are tissues that enable
movement
 Bones
 Food
with the skeletal system
through the digestive system
 Blood
through the circulatory system
 Fluids
through the excretory system
 Humans
have 3 types of muscle
Skeletal-
attached to bones by tendons (a connective
tissue), aid in voluntary movement, squared shaped
cells with multiple nuclei
Smooth-
moves food through the digestive system and
controls the width of blood vessels. Involuntary muscle
with one nucleus
Cardiac-
found only in the heart, oval shaped cells with
many nuclei and lots of mitochondria
 Note:
calcium ions are necessary for muscle contraction
(movement)
Muscle types
SKELETAL
MUSCLE
SMOOTH
MUSCLE
CARDIAC
MUSCLE
Integumentary System
 The
integumentary system has many tissues that protect
the body and maintain homeostasis
 It’s
your skin, hair, nails, oil and sweat glands!
Protects
infection
body surface and acts as a barrier against
Finger nail!!!
Integumentary System
 Helps
to remove substances from the body too
Water
Salts
Urea
(pit stains!)
 Layers
Epidermis-
outermost layer of skin
Made of dead skin cells
Keratin- protein that makes skin harder
Melanin- dark pigment that absorbs UV light
Dermis- inner layer of skin
Home of the sweat and oil glands, and hair follicles
Regulates body temperature
Subcutaneous fat layer
Protects and cushions larger blood vessels and
neurons, and insulates muscles and organs
epidermis
hair follicle
dermis
oil gland
pressure
receptors
Subcutaneous Fat
layer
sweat gland