Nelson Mandela: A Journey to New Rights and
Responsibilities
Sadie Spilker
Sophomore
Individual Website
Annotated Bibliography
Primary Sources
Anti-Apartheid Movement/Bodleian Library, . A protest in August 1990 outside the South African
Embassy in London against the apartheid system and the detention of activists in South
Africa. 1990. Photograph. SGI Quarterly , London. Web. 16 Jan 2014. This is a primary
source because it was taken during the time period of Nelson Mandela’s fight for
freedom. It was helpful as a heading picture for all my pages because it shows how so
many people wanted freedom brought to South Africa.
Burns, John F. “South Africa’s New Era; Mandela to go Free today; De Klerk Proclaims
Ending of ‘Chapter’ After 27 years.” New York Times. 11 Feb. 1990:2. Web. 17 Oct.
2013. This article is a primary source because it was written on the day that Mandela was
released and the author witnessed Mandela being released. It informed me about what
people thought about Mandela being released and what actions Mandela made after being
released.
Dhladhla, Walter. Nelson Mandela takes the oath 10 May 1994 during his inauguration at the
Union Building in Pretoria.. 1994. Photograph. Al Jazeera, Pretoria . Web. 15 Jan 2014.
This picture is Primary because the photographer was at the inauguration as it was
happening. This images helped me understand that everyone wanted Mandela as their
leader and he deserved to be their leader.
EPA, . Oliver Tambo, anti-Apartheid activist Father Trevor Huddleston, and Nelson Mandela A
file photo at a press conference in Maraisburg, Johannesburg. 1991. Photograph. Al
JazeeraWeb. 15 Jan 2014. This picture is a primary source because the photographer was
there and took this photo at the press conference. This picture addressed me about how
the ANC was whites and blacks working together to stop apartheid.
Eric Draper, White House Photographer, . Nelson Mandela and President George W. Bush in
the Oval Office, May 2005. 2005. Photograph. Wikimedia CommonsWeb. 16 Jan 2014.
This primary source picture was taken by a photographer that was in the White House
with Nelson Mandela and it showed me that Nelson Mandela was a very important
person and it was even a privilege for the President of the United States to meet him.
Mandela, Nelson. “An International Tribute to Free South Africa.” An International Tribute to
Free South Africa Concert. African National Congress. Wembley Stadium, London. 16
Apr 1990. Speech. This is a primary source because it is Nelson Mandela’s original
speech. It showed me and helped me understand that Nelson Mandela was respected by
people all across the world and affected everyone to this day.
Mandela, Nelson. “I am Prepared to Die.” Mandela’s Defense statement in the 1964 Trial.
Pretoria, South Africa. 20 Apr 1964. Speech. This speech is a primary source because it
is Mandela’s own words and was recorded as he was saying the speech. It shows and
helps me understand how dedicated he was to achieving his goal of regaining African
Americans’ rights.
Unknown, . Participants in the 1952 Defiance Campaign. 1952. Photograph. South
Africa:Overcoming Apartheid Building DemocracyWeb. 15 Jan 2014. The photographer
that took this photo was watching the 1952 Defiance Campaign and this picture was
taken at the same time the Defiance Campaign was happening. This image was helpful to
me because it helped me understand that Nelson Mandela was not the only person that
wanted to stop the apartheid laws.
Weinberg, Paul. This is the official photo of Mandela casting his vote in the 1994 elections. It
was the first time Mandela had voted in his life. It was taken at Ohlange School, Inanda.
1994. Photograph. Wikimedia Commons, Inanda, Durban. Web. 15 Jan 2014. This image
is one of the two original pictures taken on the day that Nelson Mandela voted for the
first time. Voting is a big deal and this picture made me realize how important it was to
not only Mandela but all Black people.
White House Photograph Office, Clinton Administration, . Mandela with US President Bill
Clinton. Despite publicly criticising him on several occasions, Mandela liked Clinton,
and personally supported him during his impeachment proceedings.[256]. 1993.
Photograph. Wikimedia CommonsWeb. 15 Jan 2014. This picture was taken in the time
period being discussed in my project therefore it is a primary source. Mandela was not
only a great leader but he was also a very kind person and this picture helped me
understand he loved many people and many people loved him.
World Economic Forum Copyright, . Frederik de Klerk and Nelson Mandela shake hands at the
Annual Meeting of the World Economic Forum held in Davos in January 1992. 1992.
Photograph. Wikimedia CommonsWeb. 15 Jan 2014. The photographer took this picture
as Mandela and the former President of South Africa were shaking hands so this is a
primary source. Also this image is important because Frederik de Klerk is the person who
released Mandela and lifted the ban off the ANC.
Secondary Sources
B. Ilyukhin. Michel-Designer, Scanned and processed by Mariluna. A USSR stamp, 70th Birth
Anniversary of Nelson Mandela. Date of issue: 18th July 1988. Designer: B. Ilyukhin.
Michel catalogue number: 5853. 10 K. multicoloured. Portrait of Nelson Mandela
(fighter for freedom of South Africa).. 2007. Photograph. Wikimedia CommonsWeb. 15
Jan 2014. This secondary source picture of a stamp shows me how important Mandela
was to people all over the world.
BKP, . Mandelas open cell window facing the prison yard on Robben Island, now a national and
World Heritage Site. 1997. Photograph. Wikimedia CommonsWeb. 15 Jan 2014. This
picture was taken long after Mandela was released from prison so it is a secondary
source. It showed me what living conditions were like while Mandela was in jail.
Borisgorelik, . Mandela moved into the presidential office at Tuynhuys, Cape Town.. 2008.
Photograph. Wikimedia CommonsWeb. 15 Jan 2014. This picture is secondary because it
was taken after Mandela was president and it is important because it shows what Mandela
deserved to live in after being in a tiny cell for 27 years.
C, El. “For use by white persons” – sign from the apartheid era. 2005. Photograph. Wikimedia
CommonsWeb. 15 Jan 2014. This sign is secondary because the photographer didn’t take
this picture when the apartheid laws were actually laws. Also this sign shows everyone
how unequal whites and blacks were treated.
Ehrmann, Thierry . Nelson Mandela graffiti by Thierry Ehrmann in the Abode of Chaos museum,
France. 2010. Photograph. Wikimedia CommonsWeb. 16 Jan 2014. This is a secondary
picture that shows how much people respect Mandela still and always will.
Garyvdm, . Luthuli House. 2011. Photograph. Wikimedia CommonsWeb. 15 Jan 2014. This is a
secondary picture because the photographer didn’t take it during the time period and the
image shows the ANC’s headquarters.
Joe, Alexander. Children walk past a mural of the leader for peace, which shows the different
landmarks of his momentous life. 2012. Photograph. Bio. True Story., Soweto, Gauteng,
South Africa. Web. 15 Jan 2014. This secondary image shows that Mandela still effects
younger generation and will affect many more generations to come.
Kramer, Ann. Nelson Mandela. Austin, TX: Raintree Streck-Vaughn Publishers, 2003. 2-112.
Print. This source was used to show and help me understand how Nelson Mandela fought
for no only his rights but all African Americans. It is a secondary source because it the
author didn’t write this book when Nelson Mandela was fighting against apartheid.
Lysippos, . Fort Hare (old building). 2008. Photograph. Wikimedia CommonsWeb. 15 Jan 2014.
This image is secondary and shows what Mandela’s college looked like.
Malam, John. The Release of Nelson Mandela. Smart Apple Media, 2003. 6-31. Print. This
secondary book helped me completely understand what Nelson Mandela’s environment
in prison and when Mandela moved from jail to jail and when he was released.
Midnightblueowl, . The bust of South African political activist Nelson Mandela on the
Southbank, London. It was erected under the Greater London Council administration of
Ken Livingstone in 1985.. 2012. Photograph. Wikimedia CommonsWeb. 15 Jan 2014.
People honor Mandela in multiple ways but this picture shows people made a bust of him
and it is a secondary image.
Nelson Mandela Centre of Memory, . "Biography." Nelson Mandela Foundation. Nelson
Mandela Centre of Memory. Web. 2 Jan 2014. This secondary source taught me about
what actions and changes Nelson Mandela made as president of South Africa.
Nelson Mandela Speaks Forging a Democratic, Nonracial South Africa. New York: Pathfinder
Press, 1993. 9-280. Print. This book is secondary because the author wasn’t a witness to
the events that they wrote about. It informed me about what apartheid was and helped me
fully understand it.
Nelson, Kadir. Nelson Mandela. 1st ed. New York: Katherine Tegen Books is an imprint of
HarperCollins Publishers, 2013. 1-36. Print. This book helped me understand and
showed me that Mandela wanted all African Americans to forget their horrible past and
focus on the amazing futures they had earned. It is a secondary source because the author
wasn’t a witness of the events.
NJR ZA, . Nelson Mandela Bridge in Johannesburg. 2005. Photograph. Wikimedia
CommonsWeb. 16 Jan 2014. This is a secondary image because it wasn’t taken during the
time period I talk about in my essay and it shows you that even people today respect
Mandela enough to not only name things but build things in his honor.
Rasmussen, R. Kent. Modern African Political Leaders. New York: Fact On File, Inc, 1998. 1123. Print. This secondary book also informed me about how Mandela taught younger
prisoners about making South Africans’ rights equals to all whites’ rights.
Sampson, Anthony. Mandela. 1st ed. United Kingdom: HarperCollins Publishers, 1999. 1-672.
Print. Mandela still followed his basic African nationalism despite his political growth.
This source helped me understand that Nelson Mandela’s goal was to regain his peoples’
rights. This is a secondary source because it’s analyzes and interprets information
originally from Mandela.
Sanchez, Oscar Arias. “Champions of Human Rights Nelson Mandela. “Youth of Human Rights.
N.P.. Web. This website helped me understand and showed me that Nelson Mandela was
willing to sacrifice his own life for others freedom. It is a secondary source because it
wasn’t written at the same time the events were taking place.
Swarns, Rachel L. “Robben Island Journal; with Vivid Palette, Mandela Depicts the Jailhouse
Years.” New York Times. 12 Feb 2003: n. page. Web. 17 Oct. 2013. This secondary
article taught me about the conditions of Robben Island and how Mandela secretly
continued to fight toward making all humans have equal rights.
The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica, . "Nelson Mandela." Encyclopaedia Britannica Inc.
(2014): n. page. Web. 2 Jan. 2014. This secondary source informed me about what
foundations and actions Mandela did after being president.
Trimmer, Michael. Nelson Mandela acknowledging the crowd at a rally in Glasgow after he had
earlier received the Freedom of the City. 2013. Photograph. Christian TodayWeb. 15 Jan
2014. This secondary image shows how happy and proud Mandela was to complete his
long journey to freedom.
Unknown, . Young Nelson Mandela. 1996. Photograph. Wikimedia Commons, South Africa.
Web. 15 Jan 2014. This photograph is secondary because it is not the original and it
shows how youn Mandela was when he started fighting for freedom.
Waldmeir, Patti. Anatomy of a Miracle he end of Apartheid and the Birth of the New South
Africa. 1st ed. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc, 1997. 1-303. Print. This
secondary book helped me understand how difficult Nelson Mandela’s journey to end
apartheid was.
Witstinkhout, . Nelson Mandela's prison cell on Robben Island. 2013. Photograph. Wikimedia
CommonsWeb. 15 Jan 2014. This picture is secondary because it shows how small and
horrible it must have been to live in one of those cells for 27 years.
Wölk, Rüdiger . South Afrika, Robben Island, Quarry. 2005. Photograph. Wikimedia
CommonsWeb. 15 Jan 2014. This secondary image shows Robben Island years after
Mandela ws there and helped me understand how isolated the island felt.
Wyk, Chris Van. Nelson Mandela Long Walk to Freedom. 1st ed. New York: Roaring Brook
Press, 2009. 1-56. Print. This book showed me how Mandela wanted blacks and whites
to unite as one country. It also helped me understand Nelson Mandela’s childhood and
how he was raised. It is a secondary source because it’s a biography on Nelson Mandela
not his words.