GREEK ART & ARCHITECTURE MINOAN CIVILIZATION • 2600 – 1100 BC • LIVED ON THE ISLAND OF CRETE • NAMED AFTER KING MINOS (REMEMBER-THE LABYRINTH & THE MINOTAUR) • PEACEFUL, CITIES NOT FORTIFIED • TRADE EMPIRE • ART DEALT WITH PLAYFUL THEMES BIRD GODDESS ALL OF THE RELIGIOUS STATUES FOUND HAVE BEEN FEMALE – WHICH MEANS THEY WORSHIPPED AN EARTH GODDESS BULL LEAPER AN EXAMPLE OF THE PLAYFUL THEME SNAKE GODDESS ANOTHER FEMALE DEITY TOREADOR FRESCO FRESCO: PAINTING ON WET PLASTER MORE PLAYFUL THEMES DID THIS GAME EVOLVE FROM THE STORIES OF THE MINOTAUR? PALACE AT KNOSSOS ONE OF THE IMPORTANT CITIES ON CRETE. PROBABLY NOT A PALACE BUT A TEMPLE & ADMINISTRATIVE CENTER. THE HALLWAYS WERE LAID OUT IN A CONFUSING MANOR- - LIKE A LABYRINTH. The Domestic Quarter. 1.Grand Staircase. 2.Hall of Colonnades. 3.Corridor to the North-East. 4.Hall of the Double Axes. 5.Queen's Room. 6. Toilet. 7.Court of Distaffs. 8.Service staircase. THRONE ROOM ANTECHAMBER QUEEN’S MEGARON THIS FRESCO OF DOLPHINS IS WELL KNOWN TOURISTS OUTSIDE KNOSSOS MINOAN JEWELRY VERY INTRICATE; TYPE OF SOLDER NOT REPLICATED UNTIL 1900’S MYCENAEAN CULTURE • • • • 1600 BC – 1110 BC GREEK MAINLAND WAR-LIKE SPOKE A GREEK LANGUAGE & WORSHIPPED GREEK GODS • ART THEMES WERE ALSO WAR-LIKE POTTERY NOTE THE DECORATIONS ARE OF SOLDIERS DETAIL OF A BOAR TUSK HELMET SCULPTURE OF SOLDIER IN HELMET INTRICATELY CARVED SWORD SHEATHS DETAILS OF CARVINGS MYCENAE ACROPOLIS ACROPOLIS: HIGH POINT OF CITY VIEW OF ACROPOLIS CYCLOPEAN WALLS ACCORDING TO LEGEND, AN ANCIENT RACE OF CYCLOPES BUILT THIS SECTION OF THE CITY LIONS GATE AERIAL VIEW OF MYCENAE GOLD DEATH MASK RIGHT: MISSED ATTRIBUTED AS AGAMEMNON'S AGAMEMNON'S TOMB ONLY RECENTLY DISCOVERED, A SHEEP FELL THROUGH THE TOP. NOTE THE BEE HIVE SHAPE. ARTIST RECREATION OF FRONT DOOR VIEW OF DOOR TODAY VIEW OF CEILING ARCHAIC PERIOD • 750 BC – 500 BC • DORIAN INVASION “DARK AGES” • FREE STANDING SCULPTURES WERE EITHER A MALE NUDE OR A CLOTHED FEMALE KOUROS •ALL MALE NUDES ARE REFERRED TO AS KOUROS •ALL HAVE ONE FOOT IN FRONT •HANDS BY SIDE •INTRICATE HAIR DESIGN •RIGID, SQUARED POSTURE RED LINES SHOW SQUARE POSE KOUROS 600 BC KORE •CLOTHED FEMALE ALWAYS REFERRED TO AS KORE. •CLOTHES AND HAIRSTYLE VARIED. •ONE ARM ALWAYS BENT AT ELBOW. IONIC PEPLOS KORE CALF BEARER THIS PIECE SHOWS THAT THE STYLE IS PROGRESSING. MOST ARCHAIC SCULPTURES HAVE WHAT IS CALLED AN “ARCHAIC SMILE.” POTTERY GEOMETRIC I WISH I COULD TELL YOU MORE-BUT POTTERY IS IMPORTANT. THIS ONE IS FROM GEOMETRIC STYLE. SOMETIMES VASES WERE USED TO MAKE LIQUID OFFERINGS TO THE GODS. HOLES WERE DRILLED IN THE BOTTOM SO LIQUID COULD SEEP INTO THE GROUND. CLASSICAL • • • • 500BC – 323BC MEDIUMS – STONE & BRONZE ATHENS GOLDEN AGE – 495 – 429 BC. GOLDEN AGE ENDS WHEN ATHENS IS DEFEATED BY SPARTA. • 323 BC MARKS THE END OF ALEXANDER THE GREAT’S RULE. • SCULPTURE HAS COUNTERPOISE INSTEAD OF ARCHAIC RIGID POSE. KRITIOS BOY •480 BC •NOTE THE COUNTER POSE – WEIGHT IS NOT EQUALLY DISTRIBUTED, ONE HIP POPS OUT COMPARE THE TWO DISKOBOLOS •450 BC •SCULPTURES ALSO BEGIN TO SHOW ACTION •NOT MERELY REALISTIC, BUT IDEALISTIC SPEARBEARER AMAZONS INCLUDED WOMEN POTTERY 530 680 570 LESS GEOMETRIC, BLACK VASE, RED BACKGROUND, BLACK FIGURES DORIC COLUMNS •PLAINEST COLUMN •LOWEST ORDER, FOUND ON SIMPLER HOMES, LESS FORMAL BUILDINGS •REMEMBER DORIANS WERE UNCIVILIZED IONIC COLUMNS •2ND IN ORDER OF COLUMNS •HAS CURLY-Q’S AT TOP CORINTHIAN COLUMN •HIGHEST ORDER •CAPITAL HAS LEAF SHAPES ACROPOLIS OF ATHENS THE HIGH POINT OF THE CITY CONTAINS PARTHENON, TEMPLE OF NIKE & ERECHTHEION PARTHENON BUILT BY PERICLES, 447-432BC HONORED CURRENT ATHENA APPEARANCE DUE TO 1687 EXPLOSION FLOOR PLAN ARTIST DRAWING OF INTERIOR THE STATUE IS OF ATHENA ANOTHER ARTIST RECREATION EAST PEDIMENT WEST PEDIMENT THE PARTHENON WAS DECORATED WITH FRIEZESWHICH ARE 3-D CARVINGS ON WALLS. THESE WERE ON THE FRONT AND BACK OF THE BUILDINGS THIS IS A PEDIMENT TEMPLE OF ATHENA NIKE ALSO ON THE ACROPOLIS ERECTHEION ALSO ON THE ACROPOLIS ANOTHER VIEW THEATER AT EPIDAUROS • BUILT IN 330 BC • 14,000 SEATS • WAS A MEDICAL CENTER • LAUGHTER IS THE BEST MEDICINE A PERSON CAN DROP A COIN ON THAT SPOT AND IT CAN BE HEARD BY A PERSON STANDING AT THE TOP. HELLENISTIC SCULPTURE • 323 BC – 30 BC • AFTER THE DEATH OF ALEXANDER THE GREAT, UNTIL THE BEGINNING OF THE EMPIRE STAGE OF ROME • INNER EMOTIONS WERE MORE IMPORTANT THAN BEAUTY • CONCERNED MORE WITH REALITY THAN IDEALISTIC MAN WINGED VICTORY AKA NIKE OF SAMOTHRACE FOUND FOR THE IN 1863 GREEK NAVAL VICTORY WIND BECOMES A TANGIBLE PRESENCE AS IT SHAPES THE FOLDS OF THE DRESS DYING GAUL • NOTABLE FOR THE REALISTIC & SYMPATHETIC PORTRAYAL OF A DYING GALLIC TRIBESMEN • NOTE THE HAIR AND NECKLACE ALTAR OF ZEUS • ORIGINALLY LOCATED IN TURKEY • THIS IS A RECONSTRUCTION IN A BERLIN MUSEUM LAOCOON • DRAMATIC VERSION OF FATE OF TROJAN PRIEST, PUNISHED BY SEA SERPENTS FOR TRYING TO WARN OF TROJAN HORSE SCHEME • INFLUENCED MICHELANGELO