Data and
Knowledge
Management

CHAPTER OUTLINE
5.1
Managing Data
5.2
The Database Approach
5.3
Database Management Systems
5.4
Data Warehouses and Data Marts
5.5
Knowledge Management

ANNUAL FLOOD OF DATA FROM…..
Credit card swipes
E-mails
Digital video
Online TV
RFID tags
Blogs
Digital video surveillance
Radiology scans
Source: Media Bakery

ANNUAL FLOOD OF NEW DATA!
In the zettabyte range
A zettabyte is
1000 exabytes
© Fanatic Studio/Age Fotostock America, Inc.

• Amount of data increasing exponentially
• Data are scattered throughout organizations and collected by many individuals using various methods and devices.
• Data come from many sources.
• Data security, quality, and integrity are critical.

• Amount of data increasing exponentially
• Data are scattered throughout organizations and collected by many individuals using various methods and devices.
• Data security, quality, and integrity are critical.

DATA GOVERNANCE
• Data Governance
• Master Data Management
• Master Data
See video

MASTER DATA MANAGEMENT
John Stevens registers for Introduction to Management
Information Systems ( ISMN 3140 ) from 10 AM until 11 AM on Mondays and Wednesdays in Room 41 Smith Hall , taught by Professor Rainer .
Transaction Data
John Stevens
Intro to Management Information Systems
ISMN 3140
10 AM until 11 AM
Mondays and Wednesdays
Room 41 Smith Hall
Professor Rainer
Master Data
Student
Course
Course No.
Time
Weekday
Location
Instructor

5.2 THE DATABASE APPROACH
Database management system (DBMS) minimize the following problems:
Data redundancy
Data isolation
Data inconsistency

DATABASE APPROACH (CONTINUED)
DBMSs maximize the following issues:
Data security
Data integrity
Data independence

DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

DATA HIERARCHY
Bit
Byte
Field
Record
File (or table)
Database

DATA HIERARCHY (CONTINUED)
Bit (binary digit)
Byte (eight bits)

DATA HIERARCHY (CONTINUED)
Example of Field and Record

DATA HIERARCHY (CONTINUED)
Example of Field and Record

DESIGNING THE DATABASE
Data model
Entity
Attribute
Primary key
Secondary keys

ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP MODELING
Database designers plan the database design in a process called entity-relationship (ER) modeling .
ER diagrams consists of entities, attributes and relationships.
Entity classes
Instance
Identifiers

5.3
DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
Database management system (DBMS)
Relational database model
Structured Query Language (SQL)
Query by Example (QBE)

STUDENT DATABASE EXAMPLE

NORMALIZATION
Normalization
Minimum redundancy
Maximum data integrity
Best processing performance
Normalized data occurs when attributes in the table depend only on the primary key.

NON-NORMALIZED RELATION

NORMALIZING THE DATABASE (PART A)

NORMALIZING THE DATABASE (PART B)

NORMALIZATION PRODUCES ORDER

5.4
DATA WAREHOUSING
Data warehouses and Data Marts
Organized by business dimension or subject
Multidimensional
Historical
Use online analytical processing

BENEFITS OF DATA WAREHOUSING
End users can access data quickly and easily via Web browsers because they are located in one place.
End users can conduct extensive analysis with data in ways that may not have been possible before.
End users have a consolidated view of organizational data.

5.5
KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT
Knowledge management (KM)
Knowledge
Intellectual capital (or intellectual assets)
© Peter Eggermann/Age Fotostock America, Inc.

(CONTINUED)
Explicit Knowledge
(above the waterline)
Tacit Knowledge
(below the waterline)
© Ina Penning/Age Fotostock America, Inc.

(CONTINUED)
Knowledge management systems (KMSs)
Best practices
© Peter Eggermann/Age Fotostock America, Inc.

KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
CYCLE
Create knowledge
Capture knowledge
Refine knowledge
Store knowledge
Manage knowledge
Disseminate knowledge

KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
CYCLE