Unit 1: Three Worlds Meet
Chapter 3: The English Establish 13 Colonies
Section 1: Early Colonies Have Mixed Success
Section 2: New England Colonies
The year is 1607…
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You have just sailed
across the ocean and
arrived in a strange land.
Your family has traveled
to the eastern coast of
North America in search
of freedom and
prosperity. Your first task
in the new land is to
decide what you need to
do to survive.
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Look at pages 82 and 83
in your book
Pages 82 and 83:
What dangers would you face as a settler?
What would you need to
survive in the wilderness?
Food, clothing, shelter,
protection from wild animals and
from enemies
This is a fort, with an
armed force and high
fences. What reasons
would you have for
building a fort?
Security needs of the settlers:
protection, supplies, weapons,
tools, defense of your family
and land against both Native
Americans and hostile
European nations
What kind of settlement
would you build?
Consider the natural resources you
can use to construct, and repair
your settlement, how you plan to
use the surrounding land, and
consider the climate of the area
where you’ll live
In the Americas: what we later end up with:
New England
Middle Colonies
Southern Colonies
And… when you look at the colonies in any history book, that’s how they get divided up
New England… the first European settlers in
England
duh
this area were from ______________
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These colonies were to be set
up as a source of raw
materials and provide a place
for England to export goods
(and then make money).
England could then use this
wealth to increase it’s gold
supply.
This is sometimes called
Mercantilism: when a
government controls trade and
tries to make money off its
colonies.
New England
Ends up being a fishing, trade, and ship
building section of the country
Two of England's first colonies:
failed
Roanoke
Sagadahoc
•Sir Walter Raleigh was
given permission to start
a colony at Roanoke.
•Began up in Maine.
•He named this colony
(England’s first colony)
“Virginia” after Queen
Elizabeth II who was not
married, so she was
called “The Virgin
Queen.”
•This colony failed –
you’ll read about it today.
•Not as famous as Roanoke,
but also important.
•And, that’s also in your
reading today
Sir Walter Raleigh lost a lot of money
and the British wanted figure out a better way
to start and run a colony
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They came up with the idea that
groups of people investing would be
better than individuals.
Then, if the did well, many people
could profit.
If they did poorly, they would all
share in the losses.
These group companies were called
“joint stock companies”
New England was settled mainly by
people looking for religious freedom
Quakers / Methodists / Puritans / etc…
(Protestant groups)
Official Denominational Web Sites
Adventists
Anabaptist
Anglican / Episcopalian
Baptist
Calvinist
Charismatic
Congregational
Lutheran
Methodist / Wesleyan
Non-denominational
Pentecostal
Presbyterian
Quakerism
Reformed
Restoration movement
Unitarian
Jamestown was one of these places
Jamestown is commonly regarded as the first permanent
English settlement in what is now the United States,
following many earlier failed attempts.
The English colonists found life in Jamestown
harder than they had expected.
The site they chose to live on
was swampy/marshy and didn’t
have safe drinking water.
The settlers didn’t know how to
provide for themselves and
many even refused to do any
work – they thought they’d get
rich from gold.
Many settlers died from
starvation and disease.
The Powhatan Indians contributed to the survival
of the Jamestown settlers in several ways.
• The Powhatan people and the English settlers (led by Captain
John Smith) at Jamestown established trading relationships and for
a while had positive interactions.
• The Powhatans traded food, furs, and leather with the English in
exchange for tools, pots, guns, and other goods.
• Pocahontas, daughter of Chief Powhatan, believed the English
and American Indians (First Americans) could live in harmony and
began a friendship with the colonists that helped them survive.
• The Powhatans introduced new crops to the English, including
corn and tobacco.
But… later… there were problems
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The Powhatan people realized
the English settlement would
continue to grow.
The Powhatans saw the
colonists as invaders that
would take over their land.
Jamestown even had some of the first
“indentured servants”
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A person who’d get a
free trip to America,
but then had to work
for 4-7 years for the
person who paid for
their trip.
Many of these indentured servants had
been given a choice back in England:
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Go to America or
go to jail
They’d work 4-7 years for
someone.
They’d get food, clothing, and
shelter while under contract.
They’d get some land when
their time was up.
Owning land meant they could
move up that social ladder.
Mistress Forrest
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Excavation at Jamestown has
unearthed the burial of one of the
New World's first English female
colonists and, as such, one of the
earliest women settlers in the
New World.
The remains are thought to be
those of Mistress Forrest, who
came to Jamestown in 1608 with
her husband and her maid, Anne
Burras, who later bore
Jamestown's first child.
The woman was buried within the
walls of James Fort, where the
immigrants lived. She was a
diminutive 4'8" tall and about 35
years old when she died with only
five teeth in her mouth; the cause
of her death is unknown. A single
shroud pin was the only artifact in
her grave.
One thing that happened was the Jamestown colonists
started getting angry with Virginia’s governor
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The Jamestown Company decided
to elect representatives (or
“burgesses”) who would meet once
a year to discuss issues.
This group became known as the
“House of Burgesses”
This was the first time in America
there was any form of government
where representatives were elected
by the people.
Plymouth is another of these places
The most famous of these religious groups
was from here : the Puritans
(Plymouth Colony / The Mayflower / The Pilgrims)
So many Puritans left England for the Americas,
in England it’s sometimes even called “the great migration”
Plymouth
Rock
But before they agreed to
settle at where they landed…
“The Mayflower Compact”
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The Mayflower set sail
from Plymouth England in
the Fall of 1620 and
arrived off the coast of
what is now
Massachusetts. The
Mayflower Compact was
signed in November, 1620
and contained the basic
ideals of American
democracy as we know it
today.
It is estimated that today
there may be as many as
25 million descendants of
this little band of Pilgrims
that came aboard the
Mayflower to the North
American shores
(Established the idea of self-government
and majority rule for the first time in the Americas)
Plymouth Plantation today:
a re-creation of what was originally there
Today's essential question:
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How is American life influenced by economic forces?
What’s one positive economic result of Pilgrims coming
to America, and what might be one negative factor they
had to deal with.