Waste System
Pg. 190-193
Solubility Pg. 17
• There is a limit to the amount of solute you
can add to a solvent
• Solution = solvent + solute
• Ex: Kool-aid = water + kool-aid powder
• Have you ever made hot chocolate and could
not get the powder in the bottom to mix in
(no matter how long you stirred?)
• This is because your hot chocolate reached
solubility
Solubility
• The maximum amount of solute that can be
dissolved in a given amount of solvent
• Name the solute, solvent and solution in the
following examples:
– Ice tea, ice tea powder, water
– Salt, salt water, water
– Water, grapes, wine
• Concentration is measure C= m/v
Concentration
•
•
•
•
C=m/v
C= concentration
m = mass of solute (g)
v = volume of solvent (L)
• Find the concentration of salt when 5g of salt
is added to 2L of water. What is the final
solution?
Solubility
• Just like concentration, solubility can be
expressed with many units
– g/L
– Percent mass (%m/V)
– Percent volume (%V/V)
– Percent mass (%m/m)
• If there is less than the maximum amount of
solute (not enough salt in soup) it is called
unsaturated
Solubility
• If it contains exactly the maximum amount of
solute (you do not need to add any salt to
your soup) it is called Saturated
• If it contains more than the maximum amount
of solute it is called supersaturated
– In most cases the extra solute is called a
Precipitate
Solubility
• Depends on many factors
– Nature of the solute (will sand ever dissolve in
water?)
– Temperature (does cold water or hot make sugar
dissolve faster?)
– Pressure (do you think it is easier to make Kool-aid
at sea level or up on Mount Everest?)
Temperature variations Pg. 18
• When temperature increases so does the
solubility of many solids
• Solubility of many gases decreases when
temperature increases
• Fig 1.21 and 1.22 what do you see??
• Table 1.23 how is the dissolving of sugar
changed? Explain what you see…
Aqueous solution
• What does aqueous mean? Anything sound
familiar?
• As soon as you add water (solvent) to a solute
it becomes an aqueous solution
• Write an example of an aqueous solution and
describe the solvent and solute for me.
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Dissolution
• When you have too much solute compared to
solvent
• Give an example…what about soup?
• How would this change your concentration?
• Can you explain this using the particle model?
• Pg. 16 use the idea from Dilution
• Draw it out for me…
Dilution
• When you have too much solvent compared
to solute
• Give an example…what about soup?
• How would this change your concentration?
• Can you explain this using the particle model?
Pg. 16
• Draw it out for me…
Dilution pg. 16
• How would your concentration change after
you dilute your solution? (increase or
decrease?)
• You need to be able to show me
mathematically as well as with the particle
model
• Mathematically we use the formula
C1V1= C2V2 what is C1?V1?C2?V2?
Dilution problem on pg. 16
• Let’s do the math together… SHOW YOUR
WORK!
Dilution
• Problem 2
I have 2 L of lemonade with a concentration of
4g/L, but Alex tells me it is too sweet so I add 2
more litres of water. What is the new
concentration of the lemonade?
Show your work.
Dilution homework
• Complete the Dilution worksheet I gave you
March 12th
• For homework and it is for marks!!
Urinary System
• The elimination of waste from the body
• Cellular activity can produce waste that is
toxic to the body and must be eliminated
• EXCRETION is the process by which waste
products are eliminated from the body
• Main organs that eliminate waste: lungs,
kidneys and sweat glands
Sweat glands
• There are ~ 2 500 000 sweat glands on the
surface of your body
• These glands secrete sweat by means of a
channel that opens on the skin’s surface
• Sweating or perspiration is a mechanism that
helps to regulate body temperature (mainly in
hot weather or when we exert ourselves)
• Sweat is made up of water and waste
materials from the blood
• This is why sweat plays a role in excretion
Urinary System
• Main parts include: kidneys, ureters, bladder
and urethra
• The tubes that carry urine are the ureters and
urethra
• Pg. 191 Fg 6.47 make sure you can label all the
parts and know where they are located
• Table 6.48 pg. 192 explains the description
and function of the main parts…KNOW
THEM!!
Kidneys
• Description:
• Function:
Ureters
• Description:
• Function:
Bladder
• Description:
• Function:
Urethra
• Description:
• Function:
Summary
• What is solubility?
• What can affect solubility of a substance (like
solid or gas)?
• Describe solute, solvent and solution and how
they can make a concentration
• What is an aqueous solution?
• How would you use C1V1=C2V2?
Summary
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•
•
•
•
•
•
What is dissolution?
Can you draw it?
What is dilution?
Explain it using concentration and volume
Name the main parts of the urinary system
What are their functions?
What is the main role of the excretory system?
Almost done… Pg. 192
• Main components of urine…
– The kidneys filter the blood, removing waste and
creating a liquid called urine
– Urea is the chief waste product from the blood
• It is created when the cells use protein to produce
energy and amino acids are oxidized (oxygen and
energy)
– Write the equation for this oxidization:
_________________________________________
More on urine
• Kidneys also help keep blood in balance
– They stabilize the amount of water in the blood,
constant concentration of mineral balance
– If the blood contains excess (too much) water or
minerals, the kidneys EXCRETE them
• Urine:
–
–
–
–
Water (90%)
Urea (2.5%)and other waste
Minerals
Excess substances in blood (if you took a multi-vitamin
you would pee out whatever is not absorbed…so you
should eat FRESH and real food whenever possible)
And more…
• Urine could also contain…
– Protein, glucose, fats and blood cells (BUT if this is
in your urine it is a bad health sign)
– Traces of medication or drugs (this is why athletes
have to do urine checks to see about
Doping/steroids)
• Amount of urine produced by body can
depend on concentration of minerals in blood
and amount of water in body
Urine
• If mineral concentrations is too low, the
kidneys excrete more water, Raising the level
of minerals
• BUT if the body lacks water, the concentration
of minerals in the body is too high, the kidneys
Excrete LESS water so we feel thirsty.
• This the body’s way of letting you know you
need to drink more liquid and help maintain
homeostasis!!!
Homework
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•
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Pg. 197
# 18-20
Due next class
On a Loose Leaf paper so I can pick it up
• HAVE FUN!!! 