Anatomy and Physiology I: Chapter 3 Cells
I.
Overview of Cells
A. Definition of a cell:
B. How many cells are in an average adult body?
C. Units of size:
D. Define Differentiation:
E. List the Three major parts of a cell:
1.–
2.–
3.–
II.
Cell Membrane
A. Cells are “selectively permeable”, which means:
B. What is signal transduction?
C. Structure
1. The basic framework of the membrane is composed of __________, which form a
bilayer
a. The water-soluble (hydrophilic) heads are composed of ___________
b. The water-insoluble (hydrophobic) tails are composed of __________
2.Draw a lipid bilayer portion of the cell membrane:
a. Label the hydrophobic portion and the hydrophilic portion
D. Permeability
1.What type of substances may freely cross the cell membrane?
a. Provide two examples of substances permeable to the cell membrane:
i.
–
ii.
–
2.Substances will not freely cross the cell membrane if they are _______ and ________.
a. Provide three examples of substances impermeable to the cell membrane:
i.
–
ii.
–
iii. –
E. Cholesterol:
1.What is cholesterol?
2.How does cholesterol affect the flexibility of the cell membrane?
B. Membrane Proteins
1.What is an integral protein?
a. Provide two examples of integral proteins:
i.
–
ii.
–
b. An integral protein that extends outside the cell and into the cytoplasm is called a
_______________protein, and many of these function as receptors.
2.What is a peripheral protein?
3.Peripheral proteins that enable cells to bind with other cells or proteins are called
_________________ ____________________ ________________
a. Provide two examples of CAMs, and give a function for each:
i.
–
ii.
–
III.
Nucleus
C. What is the function of the nucleus?
D. The nucleus is enclosed by a double layered ____________ _______________, which consists
of two lipid bilayers. Openings within this structure are called ______________ ___________.
E. Nucleolus
1.What is a nucleolus composed of?
2.What is the function of a nucleolus
F. Chromatin
1.What is chromatin?
2.During mitosis chromatin condenses to form _________________.
IV.
Movements into and out of the cell
G. Passive
1.Define Passive Transport
2. Examples of passive transport:
a. Diffusion
i.
Define Diffusion:
ii.
What is diffusional equilibrium?
iii.
Diffusion across the cell membrane can only occur if:
i. –
ii. -
b. Facilitated Diffusion:
i.
Define Facilitated Diffusion:
ii.
iii.
List two properties of facilitated diffusion
i. –
ii. –
Why are “carrier proteins” required for facilitated diffusion?
c. Osmosis:
i.
Define Osmosis
ii.
What affect does solute concentration have on water concentration in a
solution?
iii.
What affect does solute concentration have on osmotic pressure?
iv.
Tonicity
i. Isotonic Solution
1. Define an isotonic solution:
2. If cells with a 0.9% NaCl are placed in an isotonic solution, what
is the salt concentration of the solution?
3. What affect do isotonic solutions have on water movement into
or out of the cell?
ii. Hypertonic solution
1. Define a hypertonic solution:
2. If cells with a 0.9% NaCl are placed in a hypertonic solution,
how does the salt concentration of the solution compare to the
cells?
3. What affect do hypertonic solutions have on water movement
into or out of the cell?
iii. Hypotonic solution
1. Define a hypertonic solution:
2. If cells with a 0.9% NaCl are placed in a hypertonic solution,
how does the salt concentration of the solution compare to the
cells?
3. What affect do hypertonic solutions have on water movement
into or out of the cell?
d. Filtration
i.
Define filtration:
H. Active Transport
1.Define Active Transport:
2.What is meant by a concentration gradient?
a. Provide 1 example of a membrane protein that utilizes active transport.
I. Endocytosis
a. Lists three types of endocytosis and define each:
i.
–
ii.
–
iii.
–
2.Define exocytosis and provide one example:
3.Define transcytosis
V.
The Cell Cycle
A. Interphase
1.What is interphase?
2.How many chromosomes are in each cell?
3.Define Diploid:
4.List each substage of interphase, and identify what event occurs during each:
a. –
b. –
c. –
B. Mitosis
1. Describe the major events that occur during each phase of mitosis:
a. Prophase
b. Metaphase
c. Anaphase
d. Telophase
2.What is cytokinesis and when does it occur?