GRAPHING
METRIC SYSTEM
SCIENTIFIC METHOD
Chapter 1
Standards to Master:
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Standard #1: Scientific method (7.S.1.6.1) (7.S.1.2.1) (7.S.1.6.3) (7.S.1.6.4) (7.S.1.6.5) (7.S.1,2,2)
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Know characteristics of living things
Standard #5: Levels of Classification (7.S.1.1.1)
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Use system to measure
Convert within the system
Know units that apply to system and what they measure
Standard #4: Living Things
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Know the difference between law & theory
Know what the safety symbols stand for
Standard #3: Metric System (7.S.1.3.3) (7.S.1.6.3)
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Apply to a problem
Know steps
Identify Control & variables
Standard #2: Theories & Scientific law & Lab Safety (7.S.1.3.1) (7.S.1.6.6) (7.S.1.8.1)
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(Chapter 1)
Know 7 levels
Know & Apply scientific names to levels
Analyze why this system exists
Standard #6: Dichotomous Key (7.S.1.1.1)
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Know what key is
Apply key
Decipher a given key
Vocabulary Words to Know:
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Scientific method
Hypothesis
Theory
Prediction
Control
Variable
Scientific law
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Binomial nomenclature
Dichotomous key
Metric System
Observation
 Quantitative
 Qualitative
GRAPHING
Types of Graphs:
◦Pie: compares parts to a whole
◦Bar: compares data(usually large)
◦Line: tracks changes over time
(usually small changes)
Pie Graph: compare parts to a whole.
◦Title
◦Label
◦Make a legend
Pie Graph:
How to calculate
Percentage:
◦ Add all data numbers together to
get the TOTAL.
◦ Divide each number by your total.
This will give you a decimal.
◦ Move the decimal 2 places to the
right. This is your percentage.
How to make
graph:
◦ Divide your graph into 4 equal
parts.
◦ Choose the percentage that
seems easiest to graph.
◦ Mark it out on your graph
◦ Choose the next percentage that
seems easiest to graph.
◦ Mark it out on your graph.
Bar Graph: compare data (usually big changes.)
◦Y axis =
typically has the
#’s on it
◦Title
◦Label axis
* Legend
Line Graphs: tracks changes overtime.
DO a best Fit
Line
Do NOT
Connec
t the
dots
TAILS:
◦T = title
◦A = Axis
(dependent & independent variable)
◦I = Intervals
◦L = label
◦S = spacing
(# range)
LAB EQUIPMENT
Lab Safety:
◦Rule #1: Follow directions
◦Rule #2: Use the equipment properly
◦Rule #3: Never eat/drink during a lab
◦Rule #4: No horseplay
◦Rule #5: Report all accidents
Lab Equipment:
Microscope
Metric Ruler
Beaker
Cylinder
Triple Beam Balance
Lab Safety Video:
◦ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yclOrqEv7kw
METRIC SYSTEM
◦Standard unit of measurement for world
◦Use of hands
◦International System of Units (Metric System)
◦What things do we measure:
◦Mass
◦Volume
◦Length
◦Temperature
◦Base units of each
◦Based on multiples of 10
◦Pre-fixes
Base Units:
Base Unit
Length
Mass
Volume
meter
gram
liter
Metric System
Here are some commonly used prefixes in the metric
system. Notice the multiplying factors are all based
on the number 10.
Prefix
Symbol
Kilo
Hecta
Deka
Deci
Centi
Milli
k
h
da
d
c
m
Multiplying
Factor
1000
100
10
0.1
0.01
0.001
Metric System
1000
King
100
Henry
10
1
1/10
Died
By
Drinking
1/100
Chocolate
1/1000
Milk
You will always be able to
rebuild this chart if you memorize
the mnemonic!
Metric System
1000
100
10
1
1/10
1/100
1/1000
Here are some prefixes and their
corresponding values.
Reading from left to right: each prefix is 10 times
smaller than the value on its left.
Reading from right to left: each prefix is 10 times
larger than the value on its right.
Metric System
1000
100
10
1
1/10
1/100
1/1000
A kilometer is 10 times longer than a
Hectameter.
A kilometer is 1000 times longer than a meter
Standard #3:
International System of Unit (SI)
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Metric System
is the standard system of measurement
scientists use to measure.
King Henry Drove My Dads Car Monday
K, h, da, m, d, c, m
Metric System Prefixes:
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kilo
hecto
deca
k
1,000
h
100
da 10
no prefix means:(meter) 1
deci
d
0.1 (tenth)
centi
c
0.01 (hundreth)
milli
m
0.001 (thousandth)
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Length: base unit meter
Km, Hm, Dm, m, dm, cm, mm
Mass:
base unit gram
Kg, Hg, Dg, g, dg, cg, mg
Volume: base unit liter
KL, HL, DL, L, dL, cL, mL
SCIENTIFIC METHOD
Standard #1: Scientific method
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Steps to solving problems
6 steps to scientific method:
1)
State the problem:
what do you want to know.
2)
Gather information/Observation:
What can I find out?
a) Quantitative: observations that can be measured (data)
b) Qualitative: observations that describe.
C) Inference: conclusion reached based on evidence.
d) Observation: What you notice.
3)
Hypothesis:
4)
prediction or educated guess to
problem
Experiment:
Test Hypothesis
a) control: standard used to compare (normal thing)
b) variable: factor being tested (Varies)
5)
Analyze data:
What happened in your experiment?
6)
Conclusion
What did you find out?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wlb7tLJy5AI
Variables:
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Control Variable:
 Stays
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the same
Independent Variable:
 We
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choose to change this.
Dependent Variable:
 Responds
to the independent variable.
Hypothesis vs. Theory
Hypothesis:
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An educated guess,
prediction
Not tested yet
THEORY:
 Results
of testing an
hypothesis
 Explanation
CLASSIFICATION
Standard #4: Living Things
5 characteristics of living things:
1) Are organized :
a) Organism: any living thing
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b) Cell: smallest/basic unit of organism that
carries on functions of life.
2) Respond: interact with surroundings
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a) Homeostasis: organisms ability to keep proper
conditions inside no matter what is going on
outside.
3) Use energy: most energy used by organisms
comes directly from sun.
4) Grow & Develop
5) Reproduce: make more of own kind
All living things need 2 things:
1) place to live
2) raw materials: (water (most important), protein, fat, sugar)
2 Theories on where living things come from:
1) Spontaneous Generation: living things come from
nonliving things
2)
Biogenesis: living things come only from other
living things.
Standard #5:
Classification or Taxonomy
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When you place items with similar
characteristics together you are classifying
them.
Taxonomy or classification is a way to
organize organism
Phylogeny: is the evolutionary history
of organism used to classify
organisms
has changed over time)
(or how organism
3 Domains:
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Domain Bacteria:
 unicellular
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Domain Archaea:
 unicellular
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& prokaryotic
& prokaryotic (life’s extremists)
Domain Eukaryotic:
4
kingdoms
 1-
Protists: single cells (ameba)
 2- Fungi: mushroom & mold
 3- Plantae
 4- Animalia (humans belong in this kingdom)
7 levels of classification:

King Phillip Came Over For Good Soup
(Domain goes here before kingdom)
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
Kingdom (general)
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species (specific)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vqxomJIBGcY
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6WPBA4a6NjU
song play 1st
Scientific Names:
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Binomial Nomenclature: scientist use
a 2 name system to name organisms.
1)
2)
1st word identifies genus of organism & is
capitalized
2nd word is the species & is lower case
Example: Canis familiarus
a)
b)
(dog)
Genus: group of similar species
Species: a group of organisms that share similar
characteristics & can reproduce among selves.
Standard #6: Dichotomous Key
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Detailed list of identifying
characteristics including scientific
name
Arranged in steps with 2 descriptive
statements in each step
Key for identifying the organisms
A. Has the body only one main part (including the head)? If yes, go to b If no, go to d.
B. Are legs present? If yes, the organism is Beppo....... If no, go to c.
C. Are wings present? If yes, the organism is Flappy...... If no, the organism is Rollo.
D. Has the body more than two main parts (including the head)? If yes, go to g...... If no, go to e
E. Are feelers present? If yes, the organism is Dippy...... If no, go to f.
F. Are wings present? If yes, the organism is Buzzo...... If no, the organism is Alfie.
G. Has the body more than three main parts (including the head)?
If yes, the organism is Crawly....... If no, the organism is Kreepy.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M51AKJqx-7s