MACROMOLECULES CHART
General Name
for
Macromolecule
Monomers
Dimer
Polymer
General name:
General name:
General name:
Examples (3)
Ex: (2 plt, 2 animal)
Energy:
Glycogen (animal)
Carbohydrate
monosaccharide
Examples (3):
glucose
Protein
General name:
Structure of a polymer
(skeleton sketch)
Structure:
General
Name:
General Name:
Primary structure:
How many amino acids
dipeptide
Tertiary Structure:
_______________
Examples:
General name
Examples:
insulin
NONE
General name:
Nucleic Acids
Nucleotide
Nucleic acid
Examples:
Examples:
RNA
DNA
Adenine DNA/RNA
Guanine DNA/RNA
Cytosine DNA/RNA
Thymine - DNA
Uracil - RNA
An amino acid is represented by a “bead”.
What is the difference between a polypeptide (primary structure) and
protein (tertiary structure)?
MACROMOLECULES CHART
1. Show dehydration synthesis between two carbohydrate monomers
The diagrams below indicated HOW you will need to write these
Show DS between two amino acids
+
+ H2O
If you are given a single monosaccharide, you should be able to create a
second monosaccharide, and then show how bonding takes place, the
number of water molecules formed and the structure of the
polysaccharide. You only need to use structures that are hexagons
contain the hydroxyl groups that will be bonding
If you are given one amino acid (with an R group) you should be
able to draw a second amino acid oriented the correct way, show
which atoms will form water (OH on COOH and H on NH2), and
show the di or polypeptide with the correct number of water
molecules.
.
Show hydrolysis of a polysaccharide (made of three monomers).
Show hydrolysis of 3 amino acids.
Give a polymer of either amino acids or polysaccharides you should be able to show how they split into monomers, and be able to determine the number of
monomers formed, # of water molecules needed for hydrolysis and be able to draw the structure at the detai level shown in the DS example.
MACROMOLECULES CHART
LIPIDS (NO MONOMERS OR POLYMERS) http://www.wisc-online.com/Objects/ViewObject.aspx?ID=AP13204
Definition: Lipids are molecules that are hydrophobic (insoluble in water). WHY? non-polar covalent bonds between C and H aren’t
attracted to the polar bonds of water. Four categories of lipids: tryglycerides (fats and oils), phospholipids, waxes and steroids (on
the back).
Type of Lipid
Overall Structure
Components of Lipid
Examples
Triglycerides
(Neutral Lipids)
Glycerol
(fats and oils)
What is this structure
called?
What do the bends
represent?
Phospholipids
Similar to triglycerides, but
only TWO fatty acids and
The glycerol has a
phosphate attached (the
phosphate part of the
molecule is charged (and
can dissolve in water, the
CH tails cannot!
Fatty acids
A triglyceride can
be a fat or an oil.
Triglycerides contain a glycerol with 3 fatty acids (2 FA
are shown) UNSATURATED VS. SATURATED
Saturated
NO double bonds
between carbons.
Usually in animals
Where do I find
phospholipids?
In the
membranes of
cells
RECOGNITION ONLY
Head (hydrophilic) and Tail (hydrophobic)
MORE TYPES OF LIPIDS (see the back)
Unsaturated
One or more double
bond between
carbons in the FA
Usually in plants (oils)
MACROMOLECULES CHART
What is a steroid?
Steroids include
cholesterol,
progesterone,
testosterone,
cortisol
Steroids
Don’t worry about structure. FYI only
What is one wax tat is
found in all living things?
Waxes
Don’t worry about structure.
Waxes are a
combination of an
alcohol and a
fatty acid
For all macromolecules, you should be able to provide examples and uses for NATURAL versions of these organic molecules in living things (NOT
food).
Fats