Carbon Compounds
in Living Things
All living things are composed on
molecules of Carbon.
Carbon compounds are called
ORGANIC compounds
*Carbon is unique because it
can form so many types of
compounds
*Straight chains, branched
chains and rings
*Carbon can also bond with other
carbon atoms in single, double and
triple bonds.
Many carbon molecules are built up
from smaller simpler molecules
known as MONOMERS.
monomer
polymer
POLYMER-large molecule made up
of repeating units
There are 4 types of Organic
Molecules found in living things
1.CARBOHYDRATES - sugars and
starches
*word ending in -ose (cellulose)
*uses - energy (in plants support)
A. MONOSACCHARIDE –
simple sugar
*atoms in ratio of CH2O
*examples:
*hexose sugars- C6H12O6
B. DISACCHARIDE - two
monosaccharides linked together.
fructose
glucose
sucrose
*Examples
*sucrose (table sugar) =glucose+fructose
*maltose = glucose + glucose
*lactose (milk sugar) = galactose+glucose
C. POLYSACCHARIDES - starches
many sugars linked together
Examples: cellulose, glycogen
(Animal starch)
2. PROTEINS– made up of amino
acids
Amino Acid
Amino group
Carboxyl(acid)
group
*There are 20 different amino
acids depending on what
replaces the “R”
Glycine
Alanine
Uses: growth, maintenance and
repair, hormones and enzymes
DIPEPTIDE
–two amino
acids linked
by peptide
bond
POLYPEPTIDE – many amino acids
linked by peptide bonds (protein)
*Some proteins are very large
molecules containing hundreds of
amino acids.
*Often these long proteins are bent
and folded and joined by hydrogen
bonding.
*Protein shape
can be influence
by conditions
such as
temperature.
One very special group of proteins are
ENZYMES.
Enzymes control how fast chemical
reactions occur in organisms by
reducing the amount of energy needed
for the reaction to take place.
3. LIPIDS –fats, oils and waxes
Monomers are Fatty Acids
Uses – storage of energy and
making membranes, steroids
and pigments
*Examples:
*Triglyceride - made of glycerol
and 3 fatty acids
*Fats and Oils
PHOSPHOLIPID
Hydrophilic Head water loving
Hydrophobic Tail water fearing
*Waxes-long fatty
acid attached to a
long alcohol chain.
*Cholesterol
4. NUCLEIC ACIDS – very large
and complex molecules that
store important information in
the cell
Sub units – NUCLEOTIDES
which are made of a 5-carbon
sugar, nitrogen base and a
phosphate group.
Diagram of Nucleotide
Examples:
Deoxyribonucleic acid or
DNA
Ribonucleic acid or RNA
THINK POSITIVE…
Do you have everything you need? (notebook,
sharpened pencil, workbook and your book!!!!)
Are you in your assigned seat? (before the bell rings)
Warm-up: 1. Name the 4 main
organic compounds found in living
cells.
2. What do all organic compounds
have in common?
Make note cards or a foldable of
the four types of compounds
found in living cells.
Included uses, drawings, examples
the repeated unit that make ups the
compound. Label drawings so you
know what they are.