1. _____heat from inside the Earth
2. _____type of resource minerals
and metals are
3. _____cutting down all of the trees
in an area
4._____crops that replenish the
nutrients in the soil
5. ___what does the anchoring of
plant roots prevent
1._____burning of wood or dung
2. _____type of resource sun, wind,
water
3. _____moving of sediment
4._____various methods humans use
to save the soil
5. ___what does the anchoring of
plant roots prevent
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What are the layers of the Earth?
What is the crust?
What are the characteristics of the Earth’s Crust?
What is the composition of the Earth’s Crust?
What is the lithosphere?
What is the Moho?
What is the mantle?
What are the characteristics of the Earth’s Mantle?
What is the composition of the Earth’s Mantle?
What is the asthenosphere?
What is the mesosphere?
What is the core?
What is the outer core?
What is the inner core?
• Crust
• Mantle
• Core
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Thinnest layer
Outermost layer
Made of rock
Covered by water, soil, life
Made of oxygen, aluminum, silicon, iron, and
magnesium
• 2 types continental and oceanic
• Crust floats on the mantle.
• Two layers – Top layer of granite and a more dense
bottom layer of basalt. Both layers are found
under continents, only the basalt layer is under the
oceans.
• Temperatures increase with depth: 20° C at top
and 870° C at bottom.
• Thickness: 5 to 100 kilometers thick
Continental Crust: ~ 30 km
Oceanic Crust: ~ 5 km
• Oxygen: ~ 50%
• Silicon: ~ 30%
• Aluminum: ~ 10%
• thickest part of the Earth
• Made of iron, oxygen, silicon, aluminum, and
magnesium
• Temperatures: Top of mantle is ~ 870° C and bottom
is ~ 2,200° C.
• Rock begins to flow like very thick syrup as
temperature increases.
• Thickness: ~ 2,900 km
• Upper and Lower Mantle – they differ in
temperature, density, and pressure. These increase
as depth increases.
• Silicon, Oxygen, Iron, and Magnesium
• The deeper the rocks are in the mantle,
the more iron they hold.
• Innermost layer of the Earth.
• Made of iron and nickel
• Two layers – Outer Core and Inner Core
• Made up of crust and uppermost layer of the
mantle.
• Broken into pieces (tectonic plates) which move
around on the asthenosphere.
• Upper part of the mantle.
• Soft, weak, hot rock (magma)
• Tectonic plates float on
• Lower mantle.
• Solid and rigid moves slowly
• LIQUID iron and nickel
• Creates Earth’s magnetic field which protects
us from solar radiation
• Solid iron and nickel
• Highest temperature, pressure, and density
• Solid due to extreme pressure bearing down.
• Boundary between the crust and the mantle that is
more dense than the crust.