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Central Dogma
1.DNA
2.RNA
4.Transcription
5.
Nucleus
Protein
3.
Translation
Ribosome
Remember this from yesterday??
Central Dogma
DNA
RNA
Transcription
Nucleus
Protein
Translation
Ribosome
Standard: explain the purpose and
process of…translation
Essential Question: What is
translation and what is its
purpose?
Remember this from yesterday??
Central Dogma
DNA
RNA
Transcription
Nucleus
Protein
Translation
Ribosome
Translation Intro
Central Dogma Analogy
DNA = master copy of building plans
mRNA= blueprint for one room of building
Protein= actual bricks that make up the building
Nucleus = boss’ office
Ribosome = job site (where the building is
actually built)
Translation:
• The decoding of an
mRNA message into
a polypeptide chain
• occurs on a
ribosome (OUTSIDE
the nucleus)
Steps:
1. mRNA travels to the ribosome
2. transfer RNA (tRNA) brings amino acids to
the ribosome
3. polypeptide (protein) is formed
How does tRNA know which amino
acid to bring?
Codon:
three consecutive mRNA bases
Anticodon:
three complementary tRNA bases
•tRNA looks for the codon
that pairs with its anticodon
• the ribosome takes the
amino acid and attaches it to
the polypeptide chain
ORDER MATTERS!
order of DNA bases  order of RNA bases 
order of amino acids  what protein is made
tRNA
Amino
acids
mRNA
How to use the Codon Chart:
1. Use the left side to find
the first letter in the
codon
2. Use the top to find the
second letter in the
codon
3. Use the right side to find
the third letter of the
codon
4. Go to where ALL three
overlap on the chart
Did you notice?: The codon “AUG” can specify methionine
or serve as the “start” codon for protein synthesis.
How to use the Codon Wheel:
1. Begin in the middle
with the first letter of
the codon
2. Go outward to the
second letter in the
codon
3. Go outward again to
the third letter in the
codon.
What other codons will tell the ribosome to stop putting
amino acids together? What DNA sequences will give you
these codes?
Codon Bingo!
Directions For Playing:
If a codon (example: AAG) is called
out, you must find the amino acid.
If an amino acid (example: serine) is
called out, you must find the codon.
Hint! When finding a codon, there
may be more than one answer…you
can count all possible answers on
your card!