What are the parts of the skeletal system?
The parts of the skeletal system include bones, cartilage,
tendons, ligaments.
What are the functions of the skeletal system?
The functions of the skeletal system include, body shape,
protects organs, levers for movement, mineral storage,
blood cell formation.
How are bones classified?
Bones are classified by shape.
Give some examples of bone classification
Long bone: humerus, femur
Short bone: trapezoid (wrist)
Flat bone: sternum
Irregular bone: vertabrae
What are the 3 parts of a long bone?
The 3 parts of a long bone are the diaphysis, epiphysis,
and epiphyseal plate (or line).
Where is yellow marrow in a long bone?
Yellow marrow is in the medullary cavity of a long bone.
What is the periosteum?
The periosteum is the outside covering of bone.
What are some features of compact bone?
Some features of compact bone include: location: diaphysis tightly packed cells – Haversian systems – osteocytes –
canaliculi (canals to connect bone cells) – lamellae (anchors
bone cells).
What are some characteristics of spongy bone?
Some characteristics of spongy bone include: location:
epiphysis – made of trabeculae (gives it a “spongy” look –
contains red marrow – lighter than compact bone.
What are the three types of joints in the human body and
examples of each?
Fibrous: sutures in skull
Cartilaginous: vertebrae, between ribs and sternum
Synovial: knee, elbow
What are some types of synovial joints?
Gliding joints: wrists
Ball and socket joint: hip
Saddle joint: thumb
Hinge joint: elbow
Pivot joint: neck, forearm
What is a hole in the skeletal system called?
A hole in the skeletal system is called a foramen.
What is a tunnel or canal called?
A tunnel or canal in a bone is called a meatus.
What is a protrusion on a bone called?
A protrusion on a bone is called a process.
What are the cavities in the cranium called?
A cavity in the cranium is called a sinus.
What is the process of bone formation called?
The process of bone formation is called ossification.
• Bone Fractures
and Repair
• Fracture
• break resulting from trauma to the
bone
• Types of Fractures
• Simple Fracture
• “clean” break, does not break the
skin (closed fracture)
• Compound Fracture
• bone “breaks” or tears through
skin – very serious, infection can
occur
• Comminuted
Fracture
• bone breaks into pieces –
common in elderly, bones are more
brittle
• Compression
Fracture
• bone is compressed or crushed
• common in vertebra – common
in older people due to osteoporosis
• Depressed
Fracture
• bone is pressed inward –
common in skull fracture
• Impacted Fracture
• bone ends are forced into each
other – common when attempting
“break your fall” with outstretched
arms
• Spiral Fracture
• results from excessive twisting
force
• Greenstick
Fracture
• incomplete break (like a green twig)
common in children due to more
flexibility in bones than adults
• BONE REPAIR
• Callus
• zone of tissue repair
• Several Steps
1. blood clot forms
2. 2-3 days later, cells enter and
produce fibers which hold bones
together
• cartilage is then produced
3. osteoblasts enter the callus and
form spongy bone – takes 4-6 weeks
4. spongy bone is remodeled into
compact bone
• this healing can take up to a year
• Bone and Joint
Disorders
• Cleft Lip and Cleft
Palate
• bones in mouth do not fuse
properly (birth defect)
• Scoliosis
• abnormal lateral curvature of the
spine
• Torn Ligament or
Cartilage
• surgery can be required to fix this
• Arthritis
• “catch all phrase” for chronic
inflammation of a joint
• Osteoarthritis common as you age –
pain in joints – exercise can relieve pain
• RHEUMATIOD arthritis: inflammation
of the synovial membrane
• Osteoporosis
• weakening of bone as you age –
bones are easily fractured – need
calcium in diet
• dislocation
• violent disruption of the integrity of a
joint – many different types
• Rickets
• caused by vitamin D deficiency
(can be from lack of sunlight)