What are the parts of the skeletal system?
The parts of the skeletal system include bones, cartilage,
tendons, ligaments.
What are the functions of the skeletal system?
The functions of the skeletal system include, body shape,
protects organs, levers for movement, mineral storage,
blood cell formation.
How are bones classified?
Bones are classified by shape.
Give some examples of bone classification
Long bone: humerus, femur
Short bone: trapezoid (wrist)
Flat bone: sternum
Irregular bone: vertabrae
What are the 3 parts of a long bone?
The 3 parts of a long bone are the diaphysis, epiphysis,
and epiphyseal plate (or line).
Where is yellow marrow in a long bone?
Yellow marrow is in the medullary cavity of a long bone.
What is the periosteum?
The periosteum is the outside covering of bone.
What are some features of compact bone?
Some features of compact bone include: location: diaphysis tightly packed cells – Haversian systems – osteocytes –
canaliculi (canals to connect bone cells) – lamellae (anchors
bone cells).
What are some characteristics of spongy bone?
Some characteristics of spongy bone include: location:
epiphysis – made of trabeculae (gives it a “spongy” look –
contains red marrow – lighter than compact bone
• ARTICULATIONS (JOINTS)
• place where two bones meet
• 3 major types of joints
1. FIBROUS JOINTS
• little or no movement
• EX: sutures in skull
(FONTANELS in babies)
• fontanels in babies
close or OSSIFY in about
18 – 24 months
2. CARTILAGINOUS JOINTS
• bones held together by
cartilage
• limited movement
• EX: cartilage between
vertebrae – also between ribs &
sternum
3. SYNOVIAL JOINTS
• freely movable
• parts of a synovial
joint
• CARTILAGE – EX: meniscus in knee
• JOINT CAPSULE – forms joint
cavity
• SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE– lines joint
capsule – produces synovial fluid for
lubrication
• LIGAMENTS– connect bone to
bone
• Types of Synovial
Joints
• gliding joints
• EX: vertebrae, wrist
• saddle joint
• EX: thumb
• hinge joint
• EX: knee & elbow
• pivot joint
• EX: neck, forearm
• ball and socket
joint
• EX: shoulder & hip
• Openings, Projections,
and Depressions in
Bones (terminology)
• FORAMEN
• hole
• MEATUS
• tunnel or canal – nerves &
blood vessels pass through
• PROCESS
• part of a bone that protrudes
or sticks out
• SINUS
• cavities in cranium
(skull bones)
• Bone Ossification
• Ossification
• process of bone formation from
cartilage
• 2 step process
1. in an embryo, hyaline cartilage is
covered with bone matrix
• bone building cells are called
OSTEOBLASTS
2. The “enclosed” hyaline cartilage is
digested away leaving a cavity inside
the newly formed bone
• by birth most cartilage is converted
to bone except for the articular
cartilages and epiphyseal plates