NOTES – INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM PART 3
Which layer of the Integumentary System is mostly loose
connective tissue and adipose tissue?
The hypodermis is mostly loose connective tissue and adipose
tissue.
Which layer of skin is where most cell division occurs?
The dermis is the layer of skin where most cell division occurs.
What is the top layer of skin called?
The top layer of skin is called the epidermis.
Which layer of the dermis is the deepest?
The deepest layer of the dermis is the reticular layer.
Which layer of the dermis is responsible for fingerprints?
The papillary layer is the layer of the dermis responsible for
fingerprints.
Which layer of the epidermis have cells undergone a chemical
change and formed layers (sometimes 25 layers thick)?
The layer of the epidermis that has undergone a chemical
change and formed layers is the stratum corneum or
keratinized layer.
Which layer of the epidermis is the stratum where most cell
division occurs?
The layer of the epidermis where most cell division occurs is
the stratum basale.
Which layer of the epidermis is the stratum where dandruff,
calluses, and corns occur?
The layer of the epidermis where dandruff, calluses and corns
occur is the stratum corneum.
What is the pigment called that gives our skin its color?
What is the cell that produces this pigment?
The pigment that gives our skin its color is melanin and the cell
that produces this pigment is a melanocyte.
Where is hair produced?
Hair is produced by a hair bulb on a papilla in the dermis.
What determines hair color?
Melanin determines hair color.
What causes goosebumps?
Arrector pili muscles cause goosebumps.
What are the two types of sweat glands?
The two types of sweat glands are eccrine and apocrine glands.
Where are the sweat glands located?
Eccrine are located all over the body while apocrine glands are
located in the axillae and genital area.
What gland is usually responsible for acne?
The sebaceous gland is responsible for acne.
• Functions of the
Integumentary System
• Protection
• water loss, microbes, foreign
objects
• Temperature
Regulation
• maintains homeostasis
• Vitamin D
Production
• used by bones and muscles
• Sensation
(sense of touch)
• sensory nerve receptors in
dermis & epidermis
• Excretion
• small amount of waste, fluid
• The Effects of
Aging on Skin
• blood flow to the
skin is reduced
• skin becomes thinner & more
transparent
• less elastin & fat causes wrinkles
• less collagen – more easily
damaged
• age spots, discoloration, gray
hairs
• Damage to the
Skin: Burns, Cancer,
Disease
• BURNS
• 1st Degree
• affects epidermis only
•2nd Degree Burn
• affects epidermis and part of
dermis
• 3rd Degree Burn
• epidermis, dermis, most nerve
endings completely destroyed
• Skin Cancer
• BASAL CELL
CARCINOMA
• most frequent type of skin cancer
• begins in stratum basale and
goes into dermis
• treatment: surgery or radiation
• does not metastasize
• SQUAMOUS CELL
CARCINOMA
• cells above statum basale
• can metastasize & cause death
• MALIGNANT
MELANOMA
• from melanocytes in a mole
• can metastasize & cause death
• DISEASES OF THE SKIN
• Acne
• infection involving hair follicle &
sebaceous gland
• also can have a significant
hormonal cause
• Viral Infections
• caused by a virus
• carried to the skin by blood
• EX: measles (rubella), chicken pox
• Warts & Cold Sores
• also caused by a virus
• relatively harmless, could lead to
other conditions