Power Presentations CHAPTER 16 Citizenship Image The date is April 12, 1861. You and other residents of Charleston, South Carolina, watch the bombardment of Fort Sumter by Confederate forces. This event signals the beginning of the Civil War—a war between factions or regions of the same country. How might a civil war be worse than other wars? • What sort of physical destruction might take place in a civil war? • What social, political, and economic trouble might be likely to occur in a civil war? • What might happen when a civil war breaks out? March 4, 1861 Abraham Lincoln inaugurated as president. April 12, 1861 Confederate forces fire on Fort Sumter. July 21, 1861 First Battle of Bull Run (Manassas) occurs. Image March 9, 1862 The warships Monitor and Merrimack (orVirginia) clash. April 6, 1862 Battle of Shiloh takes place. April 25, 1862 New Orleans falls to Union forces. To World September 17, 1862 Battle of Antietam (Sharpsburg) occurs. March, 1861 Italy unified under King Victor Emmanuel II. May 13, 1861 Britain declares neutrality in American Civil War. April 13, 1862 France annexes Cochin China (southern Vietnam). May 5, 1862 French troops are defeated at Puebla, Mexico. June 25, 1862 Imperial decree expels foreigners from Japan. September, 1862 Bismarck becomes prime minister of Prussia. Back to U.S. Back to Home Main Idea The secession of the Southern states quickly led to armed conflict between the North and the South. Why It Matters Now The nation’s identity was in part forged by the Civil War. Map What were some similarities and differences between the North and the South? North More manpower 85 percent of nation’s factories Double the railroad mileage Almost all naval power and shipyards Both Believed in what they were fighting for Many eager volunteers Public support for the war South First-rate generals Defending the homeland King Cotton • How did citizens in the North and the South respond to the outbreak of the Civil War? • Why were the border states important to both sides in the Civil War? • What kind of military strategy did each side develop? Map Comparing How was the South’s situation in the Civil War similar to the situation of the Patriots in the Revolutionary War? Think About • their reasons for fighting • their opponents’ strengths Back to Home Main Idea Both Union and Confederate soldiers endured many hardships serving in the army during the Civil War. Why It Matters Now The hardships endured led to long-lasting bitterness on both sides. What were some of the characteristics of a typical Civil War soldier? Image THE TYPICAL CIVIL WAR SOLDIER Age Between 18 and 30 Occupation Farmer Training Many long daily drill sessions Hardships Inadequate food and clothing, crude shelters, dirty camps that stank, poor personal hygiene, chronic sickness, poor medical treatment • How were the wartime experiences of Northern and Southern soldiers alike? • What factors contributed to the spread of disease among soldiers? • How did the use of the rifle and minié ball change combat tactics in the Civil War? Forming and Supporting Opinions What were the motives that led individual soldiers to fight in the Civil War? Think About • the multiple reasons that people had for enlisting • what you consider valid reasons for fighting Back to Home Main Idea In the first two years of the war, neither side gained a decisive victory over the other. Why It Matters Now A long war can cause much death and destruction and leave a bitter legacy. What key events of the Civil War occurred between 1860 and 1863? 1860 February 1862 Capture of Fort Henry and Fort Donelson April 6, 1862 Battle of Shiloh April 25, 1862 Fall of New Orleans June 25 to July 1, 1862 Seven Days’ Battles September 17, 1862 Battle of Antietam 1863 Image • Why were Union victories in the West and the fall of New Orleans significant to the Union cause? • Why did Lee go on the offensive against the North? • How did the South’s fortunes change after Lee took command of the Army of Northern Virginia? Making Inferences What does Lee’s invasion of the North suggest about his qualities as a general and a leader? Think About • Lee’s military skills and style • the North’s resources Back to Home REVIEW QUESTIONS ANSWERS: READ AND TAKE NOTES 1 How and when did the Civil War start? 2 What advantages did the North have at the beginning of the war? 3 What were the war strategies of the two sides? 4 What was the typical Civil War soldier like? 5 Why did so many people volunteer to fight in the Civil War? 6 Why was the incidence of disease so high among Civil War soldiers? 7 How did the use of rifles and minié balls change war tactics? 8 What goal of the Union strategy did Grant further, and how did he do it? 9 Why did the North have such a hard time capturing Richmond, Virginia? 10 How did Lee’s appointment to head the Army of Northern Virginia affect the course of the war? Comparing and Contrasting NORTH SOUTH Reasons for fighting to preserve Union to defend homeland Advantages greater manpower and resources fighting on their own territory Disadvantages hard to carry battle to enemy fewer resources and soldiers Military strategy surrounding and overwhelming the South holding out until North grew weary Battle victories Shiloh, Antietam Bull Run, Seven Days’ Battles Back to Home These labels let you know where you are in the presentation. When you click on the arrow you will be linked to a related visual. Map Image These buttons link you to special areas. Use these buttons to go back to the previous slide, or to move forward in the presentation. To reveal the content of a slide just press the space bar or click your mouse once. To use a button, move your pointer over the button. When your pointer becomes a hand, click your mouse. Back to Previous