CHAPTER 14
Descent into War, 1861 - 1862
Chapter Review
 Describe the initial responses in the North and South to
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the outbreak of Civil War.
Describe the military advantages and disadvantages of
the North and South at the beginning of the war.
Describe the various roles of women on both sides
during the Civil War.
Describe the role played by the navies on both sides of
the Civil War.
Explain why the Battle of Antietam is considered a
turning point in the Civil War.
I.
War Begins: April 1861 to July 1861
 Lincoln calls for troops to quell “rebellion”
 States make decision on secession
 North appears to hold advantage, but South is confident of
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victory
Strategy for South is to fight defensively, while North wants
to capture Mississippi River
Neither side has clear advantage in leaders
First conflicts small as both sides gather armies
Bull Run (Manassas Junction) first real battle, with
surprising victory for South
Women participate in war from earliest days
Southern Secession
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Battle of Bull Run
(Manassas), July 21,
1861
II.
War Takes Command: August 1861 to
March 1862
 McClellan and Frémont fail to please Lincoln as generals
 War takes tremendous toll from beginning on economy and
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homefront
Northern blockade is effective against South
Trent Affair cuts short southern attempt to get foreign help
Union General Grant seizes western forts and city of
Nashville
Both sides experiment with “iron-clads” and North has more
success
Campaigns in the West
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III.
The Union on the Offensive: March to
September 1862
 With McClellan stalling, Union troops at Shiloh, Tennessee,
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win victory over South
New Orleans falls to Union troops
Confederates resort to conscription
Seven Days’ Battles take heavy toll but bring no clear
victory
Slavery becomes more central issue
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Union troops accept runaway slaves as “contrabands”
Lincoln begins to plan his Emancipation Proclamation
 South wins second Battle of Manassas but sustains great
losses at Antietam – Emancipation Proclamation
 By end of 1862, stalemate in effect
Battle of Shiloh, April 6-7, 1862
Peninsula Campaign, 1862
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Campaigns in Virginia and Maryland, 1862
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Concepts
 Confederacy, Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee
 Anaconda Plan
 Dorothea Dix
 George McClellan, “Stonewall” Jackson, Ulysses S. Grant
 Blockade runners, Trent affair
 Vicksburg
 Monitor and Virginia
 Contrabands
 Copperheads
 Antietam, Emancipation Proclamation
Lee’s Invasion of Maryland, 1862; Battle of Antietam, Sept. 17, 1862