A Satellite View
The Mighty Nile River:
“Longest River in the World”
The Sahara Desert
Mountains
&
Peaks
Δ Mt. Kenya
Δ Mt. Kilimanjaro
Mediterranean Sea
Bodies
Nile River
Of
L. Chad-->
Water
L. Albert-->
L. Victoria
L. Tanganyika->
Indian Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
Zambezi River
Limpopo River
Orange River
Pacific Ocean
Empires of west
Africa
Physical Features
The Empire of Ghana, pg. 130

Ghana was an empire

There was an important city named Koubmi Saleh that was a major
trading post

People would come here to trade goods

To rest, sleep, eat

Make money by selling goods

Get goods to go back and sell to others

GOLD AND SALT WERE THE MOST VALUABLE RESOURCES

Salt was just as valuable as gold because
it was used to flavor, spice and preserve
food, especially meat
Ghana’s leaders taxed traders passing
through the Kingdom on the Niger
and Senegal Rivers
1. people wanted gold for its beauty
and salt for their diets
The Niger River Basin
# Covers 7.5% of the continent.
# Extends over 10 countries.
# 2,600 miles long.
Vegetation Zones
Libyan Desert
Deserts
Sahara Desert
Sahel
Valleys
&
Plains
The Sahel
I.Ghana controls trade
A. Gold to the south and salt from the
Sahara made it rich by 800AD.
Ghana Builds an Empire, pgs. 133-135
1. By 800, Ghana was in control
1. trade routes
of West Africa’s _________
Taxes and Gold
2. Ghana’s rulers looked for ways 2. money
to make _____ from the traders
passing through Ghana
3. Rulers expected traders to
pay tax on goods they carried
3. in & out
Ghana’s Resources

The Niger River (pg. 131)
a) water (people, animals, crops)
b) trade a long the river (down stream)
c) gold
d) salt
e) ivory
f) gold
g) copper
h) slaves
i) food
4. Name 4 sources that contributed to 4. a. goods-in
Ghana’s wealth
b. goods-out
c. tax tribes
d. gold
Expansion of the Empire, pg. 134
5. Ghana’s kings used their wealth
to build a powerful _________
5. army
6. The empire of Ghana reached its
6.Tunka
peak under king
Manin
Ghana’s Decline, pg. 134
7. collapsed
7. By 1200, Ghana ____________
8.
8. Three factors why Ghana collapsed
a. invasion
a. Muslims attacked them and
converted the people to Islam
b. overgrazing
b. animals ate too much grass which
exposed the soil to open winds
that blew away the fertile soil
leaving behind worthless soil for
growing crops
c. internal
rebellion
c. the people who were conquered
by Ghana rose up and rebelled
taking over the entire empire
II. Ghana defeated
A. In 1074, Almoravids capture
Koumbi Saleh and destroy trade
The Empire of Mali
Section 2
Pages 136-141
Sundiata begins an empire
1. fought to gain Mali’s independence
2. beans, cotton, rice were introduced to
the empire
3. Mali took over gold, salt trade
4. unlike later leaders he was not Muslim
Empire of Mali (1235-1464)
A. Like Ghana, its location on the
fertile upper Niger River made
food plentiful
The Empire of Mali: pgs. 136-141; HSS 7.4.3
Sundiata Makes Mali an Empire, pg. 136
1. Mali is located along the upper
1. Niger River
2. This location has fertile
2. soil
3. It’s location allowed the people
to control ________ on the river
3. trade
4. Mali’s rise to power came under
the ruler named
4. Sundiata
The Empire of Mali: pgs. 136-141; HSS 7.4.3
Beginnings of the Empire, pg. 136
5. Sundiata was the son of a previous
6. He conquered nearby kingdoms
5. king
including
Improvements in Mali, pg. 137
6. Ghana
7. List the items that were grown and
7. traded items/crops
a. gold
b. salt
c. beans
d. onions
e. rice
f. cotton
Consolidation of Power, pg. 137
8. kingdom
8. Under Sundiata, Mali grew into a prosperous…
9.
9. Sunidiata wanted to be the main leader, so
he took power away from local leaders
10 mansa
10. the local leaders gave him the title _______
11.
11. Mansas had both _________ and _______
a. political
b. religious
authority
Consolidation of Power, pg. 138
12. Muslim
12. After Sundiata died, the next rulers were
______________ .
The Fall of Mali, pg. l40
13. leaders
13. Mali’s success depended on its strong ____
14. weak
14. Mali fell because there were _____ leaders
15. size
15. One reason why Mali fell was because of its…
16. large
16. The empire became so ____, the gov.
could not control it.
17. nomads
17. ______ from the Sahara seized Timbuktu
Acrostic
Student Brainstorm: think of the main
events that we have studied in ch. 5.
Created an acrostic about the empire of
Ghana. Use each letter to represent in the
name Ghana to help you remember
something important that we have
studied.
Objectives:
Use your textbook or class notes for ideas
Work with a partner
Make sure your words relate to what we
have studied
Use educational thoughts and ideas (no
slang or irrelevant ideas)
Directions
1.
G
H
A
N
A
Write the word in your spiral notebook
2. Brainstorm and think of all of the main ideas that we have studied
in Ch. 6, section 1 pgs. 130-135.
3. Use each letter to represent a main idea or a fact that you have
learned.
4. Please think about the most important ideas
5. Do not use slang words, keep this assignment educational.
6. Draw 2-3 pictures along the perimeter to represent these ideas
old traded for salt
and delivered salt by camel caravan
rter = exchange goods
iger River and Timbuktu (culture
and learning center)
S
S hara Desert
Ch. 5
Acrostic Assignment
Great Rift Valley
3,000 miles long
Africa:
The
“Tropical”
Continent
Tropic of Cancer
20° N
Equator 0°
Tropic of Capricorn
20° S
Vegetation Zones
The African Savannah:
13 million sq. mi.
Chapter 6
Section 1 pgs. 133-135
Mansa Musa’s Famous
Pilgrimage
Cross-Curricular
Reading and Writing Assignment
Ch. 6, Section 1 Review
1.
Ghana is located in
a. northeastern Africa
b. northwestern Africa
c. the middle of Africa
2. Which valuable items were just as valuable as
the other
a. gold
b. salt
c. copper
3. Define silent barter-
4. List 4 sources that contributed to
Ghana’s wealth
a.
c.
b.
d.
5. Give 3 reasons why Ghana
collapsed
a.
b.
c.
6. Define overgrazing
Mansa Musa
1. Pg. 139 Timbuktu (important trading city at the height of Mali’s power under
the ruler, Mansa Musa.
2. Mansa means he had political and religious power. He Ruled over the region
named Mali for over 25 years
3. Most famous Muslim king who was powerful, successful, wealthy and very
generous.
4. Who was the son of the powerful king named Sundiata
5. Helped Islam spread throughout western Africa
6. He build mosques, emphasized education, Arabic ( “read the Qur’an”)
Mansa Musa’s Famous Pilgrimage

Preview the writing prompt before we read

“ Mansa Musa’s hajj was one of the grandest
grand tours ever recorded. The spectacular
wealth displayed by his entourage so dazzled
the people on his line of march that their
descendants still talked about it one hundred
years after it occurred.”
Feel free to use these facts on the
Mansa Musa’s Famous Pilgrimage
•
Mansa Musa’s journey included lots of
money, 80-100 camel-loads of gold dust,
each load weighing about 300 pounds,
60,000 men including family members,
servants, doctors teachers and his closest
friends.
•
Include at least 1 additional fact to go
along with this same idea.
Slide 2 Title =
Sundiata
1. Who was Sundiata? He was one of the first leaders of
Mali.
2. Why was he important?
He build a huge army and helped improved agriculture.
3. Add an addition 1-2 facts about him
4. Add a picture of him
5. Or add a picture of the Empire of Mali
Slide # 3 Title =
Mansa Musa
1.
Who was Mansa Musa? In 1307, Mansa Musa
became the leader of Mali.
2. Why was he important? He ruled the empire of
Mali for twenty-five years. He extended the
boundaries of the empire, he encouraged
many to become Muslim and he encouraged
the spread of learning because he loved the
arts, architecture, literature, etc.
3. Add a picture of him
Slide # 4 Title =
Mansa Musa’s Empire
1.
Mansa Musa captured Timbuktu, Gao, and
Djenne, three very important cities.
2. Tell why these cities are important. Give at least
3 reasons.
3. Add a picture or a map of one of these three
cities or a map that shows all three
Slide #5 Title =
Mansa Musa’s Famous Pilgrimage
1. A hajj and pilgrimage mean they mean the same thing.
2. Mansa Musa was on his way to Make a pilgrimage to
Mecca, Saudi Arabia.
3. Where was Mansa Musa’s first stop? To what city and
country? He stopped at Cairo, Egypt in 1324.
4. Include one additional fact to go along with this idea.
•
Feel free to use these slides for
Musa’s Famous Pilgrimage
Mansa Musa was very famous. He gave away
elaborate gifts including the 80-100 camelloads of gold.
•
He gave away so much gold that the price of
gold fell sharply.
•
Include 1-2 additional facts about his elaborate
gifts.
Assignment
1.
2.
3.
4.
Read aloud as a class
Brainstorm and write down ideas to write
about
We have already learned about this, so
we will use our lecture notes and tap
into a prior knowledge of this topic
Practice responding to a writing prompt
or a quote
Slide #6 Title =
Mansa Musa Converts
People to Islam
1.
He encouraged people to read and write
in Arabic.
2.
He the people of Mali to read the Qur’an
Timbuktu
1. Where is Timuktu located?
2. Give three important facts about the city.
3. Include a picture.
Brainstorming
What did he bring with him?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Mansa Musa’s Famous Pilgrimage
Camel Caravan
1.How many men?
2. Who did he bring with him?
3.
4.
Class Brainstorm: write these ideas on the white board.
Students take notes in your spiral notebook.
1. Where was his first stop?
2. Why did he stop?
3. Where was he going?
4. What did he do here?
5. Other ideas:
1. Where is this mosque located?
country?
city?
2. Define hajj or pilgrimage
3. It is one of the ____ Pillars of _________
4. The pilgrimage occurs from the 8th to 12th day of the
12th month of the Islamic calendar
If and only if you are completely
finished…

You may research a topic that is related to
ancient Africa and add onto your
presentation.

Only if you are completely finished.
Directions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Type all slides first
Research additional topics/questions
Add pictures
Edit your work; proof read
Save your work
Then add background color and special
effects last
Save Your Work
1.
Remember to continue to save your work in case you hit
the wrong button and your work dissappears.
2. I recommend saving after every 2 slides that you create
3. Go to File, Save As
4. Select My Documents
5. Give your file a name, and select save
6. The next time you save, go to File, Save
Spacing
1.
Use the space bar to scoot words over
2. Use the backspace button to back-up
3. Highlight and hit the delete key to get rid
of words
Colored Words
1.
Type the word
2.
Highlight the word
3.
Go to the top of the screen, Format,
click on the color, size, style
Add another Slide
1. Insert, New Slide
Insert a Picture
1.
right-click on the picture, select copy
2.
Go to your slide, click the mouse one
time, and right-click on the mouse,
paste
3. Clip Art: Go to Insert, Picture, Clip Art,
and double-click on the picture
Add Special Effects
1.
Do this only after you are finished with
the typing, and pictures
2.
Go to Slide Show, Custom Animimation
3.
Add an Effect
How to see your Show?
1.
Go to Slide Show, View Show
2.
Right-click to end the show
Move the slides around
1. Click on the Small box with 4
squares to move boxes around
2. Double-click on one of the boxes to
get out of this option
Printing
1. The cost for printing is .10 per page
2. Only print if you have money on Wednesday when you are finished.
3. Go to file, print
4. Select
5. Select black and white
6. Get permission to print.
7. See the previous slide if you are confused.
. Click on “Print
What”
. Select Black and
White
What do we do with
our printed slides?
1.
2.
3.
4.
For homework, due next Wed., you will cut out each slide
(square)
Simply cut along the black edges
Put the slides in order to create a book
Since we used a black and white printer, use markers or colored
pencils to color each slide
5. Color the following:
a. the titles
b. every picture
c. do not scribble over the words with markers or
colored pencils
d. this should look neat
e. in class, we will place construction paper on the front
and back and then staple all work in the form of
a small book.
Talking and Disruptive Behavior
1. One verbal warning
2. 2nd time you are spoken to, you will be sent out of the room to write
5 standards
3. If you still talk when you come back, you will be dismissed from this
assignment and be expected to make it up during lunch detention.
4. Students are not productive when they talk and work at the same
time.
5. This assignment is due today at the end of the period.
African Rain Forest
# Annual rainfall of up to 17 ft.
# Rapid decomposition (very humid).
# Covers 37 countries.
# 15% of the land surface of Africa.
Mt. Kilimanjaro:
Snow on the Equator?
Mediterranean Sea
The
Libyan Desert
Tropic of Cancer
20° N
Sahara Desert
Complete
Topography
Sahel
Nile River
L. Chad-->
Equator 0°
L. Albert-->
Δ Mt. Kenya
L. Victoria
Of
AFRICA
Δ Mt. Kilimanjaro
L. Tanganyika->
Indian
Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
Zambezi River
Tropic of Capricorn
20° S
Limpopo River
Orange River
Pacific Ocean
Natural Resources
IV. Mansa Musa
A.Mali’s famous Muslim king
1. hired artists & architects
to build mosques
2. sent scholars to study in
Morocco
3. stressed importance of reading
and writing in Arabic
4. tolerant of other religions
Consolidation of Power, pg. 138
12. Muslim
12. After Sundiata died, the next rulers were
______________ .
The Fall of Mali, pg. l40
13. leaders
13. Mali’s success depended on its strong ____
14. weak
14. Mali fell because there were _____ leaders
15. size
15. One reason why Mali fell was because of its…
16. large
16. The empire became so ____, the gov.
could not control it.
17. nomads
17. ______ from the Sahara seized Timbuktu
Mansa Musa’s Famous Pilgrimage

Preview the writing prompt before we read

“ Mansa Musa’s hajj was one of the grandest
grand tours ever recorded. The spectacular
wealth displayed by his entourage so dazzled
the people on his line of march that their
descendants still talked about it one hundred
years after it occurred.”
Desertification
Mansa Musa’s Famous Pilgrimage
Camel Caravan
1.How many men?
2. Who did he bring with him?
3.
4.
Mansa Musa’s Famous Pilgrimage
Glue your paragraph here. You may write it on white lined paper or write
directly onto the paper.
You should have the following
1. Title centered at the top of the paragraph
2. Create a topic sentence
3. Have 3-5 complete sentences describing the pilgrimage
4. Write a concluding sentence
5. Be neat and picture must be colored
Mansa Musa’s Famous Pilgrimage

Preview the writing prompt before we read

“ Mansa Musa’s hajj was one of the grandest
grand tours ever recorded. The spectacular
wealth displayed by his entourage so dazzled
the people on his line of march that their
descendants still talked about it one hundred
years after it occurred.”
Brainstorming
What did he bring with him?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Assignment
1.
2.
3.
4.
Read aloud as a class
Brainstorm and write down ideas to write
about
We have already learned about this, so
we will use our lecture notes and tap
into a prior knowledge of this topic
Practice responding to a writing prompt
or a quote
Class Brainstorm: write these ideas on the white board.
Students take notes in your spiral notebook.
1. Where was his first stop?
2. Why did he stop?
3. Where was he going?
4. What did he do here?
5. Other ideas:
Textbook reading pgs. 138-141
Class Supplement, read pg. 53-57
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Read together as a class
Brainstorm together using the textbook
and class notes
Create a graphic organizer to gather our
thoughts
Discuss the topic sentence
Discuss the important details (3-5)
Discuss the concluding sentence
Assignment Objective
1.
Read about Mansa Musa’s famous
pilgrimage to Mecca, Saudi Arabia.
2. Write a paragraph to describe his journey.
3. Cross-curricular assignment: reading
comprehension and writing paragraphs
Assignment
Please turn in your graphic organizer with
your assignment
 Write one paragraph describing the
famous pilgrimage on notebook paper
 Trim off the holes on your paper located
along the left-hand margin
 Draw and color a picture to go along with
the writing assignment
 Glue the paragraph to the bottom of the
page

Assignment Checklist
1.
Completed graphic organizer
2.
Create a well-written paragraph describing the
pilgrimage
3.
Use your best writing
4.
Draw and color a picture to go along with the
paragraph
5.
Glue the paragraph to the picture. Make sure it is
located at the bottom of the picture
gifts, 60,000 (draw people), Saudi Arabia, Mecca
Cairo Egypt, etc.
Class Notes- remember to see your class notes
in your spiral notebook for ideas.
You can see the notes we brainstormed
and wrote together in class or preview the
notes we took for each slide for
the PowerPoint Presentation.
http://lrs.ed.uiuc.edu/students/fwalters/toeflwrite.html
1. Where is this mosque located?
country?
city?
2. Define hajj or pilgrimage
3. It is one of the ____ Pillars of _________
4. The pilgrimage occurs from the 8th to 12th day of the
12th month of the Islamic calendar
Write your ideas: Cornell Notes
1.
Topic sentence
2.
3.
What are we writing about?
1.
2.
3.
Supporting
Details
Developing the Paragraph
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
What was he
going to do?
Developing the Paragraph
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Where was he
going?
Developing the Paragraph
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Who did he
bring with him?
Developing the Paragraph
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
What did he
bring with him?
Developing the Paragraph
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Where was his
first stop?
Developing the Paragraph
1.
What did he do
here?
2.
3.
1.
What things did
he give away
2.
3.
Other facts
Developing the Paragraph
1.
2.
Why did he go
on the
pilgrimage?
3.
1.
Where was he
going?
2.
3.
Other facts
V. Songhai empire
A. Defeated Mali after
Mansa Musa’s death
B. Sunni Ali unified and enlarged empire
1. his son Sunni Baru was not Muslim
and
was overthrown
a. people thought empire would
lose trade and power
C. Askia the Great led rebellion &
defeated
Sunni Baru
1. created specialized government
VI. Songhai Falls to Morocco
A. Moroccans troops invade to gain control
of salt mines
1. They were successful because of a
new weapon:
the arquebus an early form of a gun
VII. African Traditions
A. griots were storytellers who passed down
oral history
1.proverbs: short sayings
of wisdom or truth
2. the Dausi and the Sundiata are “epics”
or long poems that tell of kingdoms
and heroes
B. Music and dance: entertainment
and a way to celebrate history
1. traditions carried on at weddings &
funerals
C. Religion
1.Malians believe their ancestors
made an agreement w/spirits of the
land who made sure the food grew
C. Clothing:
1. Kente cloth used for
special occasions