Slavery Becomes an Issue
 Important questions of the time
 Social : Was slavery moral or immoral?
 Economic : What economic factors allowed slavery to remain in the South?
 Political : How will the US decide the slave status of its new western territories?

Economic Factors Supporting Slavery
 Agricultural necessity
 Northerners had farms too
 So why the discrepancy?
 COTTON!

The Civil War: Why Secession?
 Election between Lincoln,
Douglas, and Breckenridge
 Votes split leaving Lincoln the winner
 The South viewed Lincoln as an abolitionist president

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SC secedes first
Virginia followed after Fort
Sumter
 Ft. Sumter: Southern forces take the fort in 1861
 Lincoln retaliates with force

Two Nations: The United States



 a.k.a. the Union
President: Abraham
Lincoln
General: Ulysses S. Grant
Advantages:
 More men, money, manufacturing, and railroads
 Strategies:
 Naval blockade, control
Mississippi River

The Confederate States of America
 a.k.a. The Confederacy
 President: Jefferson Davis
 General: Robert E. Lee
 Advantages:
 Fighting defensive war
 Better military leaders
 Knowledge of land

Major Events of the Civil War

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Battle of Manassas
Merrimack & Monitor
Battle of Antietem
Emancipation Proclamation
Battle of Shiloh
Battle of Vicksburg
Battle of Gettysburg
Gettysburg Address
Election of 1864
Appomattox Courthouse

Lincoln’s Controversial Wartime
Actions
 Issued 1 st Draft
 Suspended Free Press
 Suspended Habeas Corpus
 Ex Parte Merriman
 Ex Parte Milligan

Reputation as the “Great
Emancipator”
 Allowing African-American Regiments to Fight
 54 th Massachusetts

“Glory”- Movie
 The Emancipation Proclamation
 January 1, 1863

“Freed” slaves in rebelling states (not border)
 Made ending slavery an official war goal
 Pushing for the Ratification of the 13 th
Amendment“Lincoln”- Movie

Lincoln’s With Malice Towards
None Speech- March 1865

Lincoln wants to Forgive
“
With malice toward none; with charity for all; with firmness in the right, as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in; to bind up the nation's wounds; to care for him who shall have borne the battle, and for his widow, and for his orphan -- do all which may achieve and cherish a just, and a lasting peace, among ourselves, and with all nations”
March 1865 Abraham Lincoln

Lincoln’s Assassination- 1865


 At Ford’s Theater in
Washington DC
Shot by John Wilkes Booth
Andrew Johnson, a Southern
Democrat, becomes 17 th
President

The Funeral Train

Plans for Reconstruction

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Lincoln’s Plan – When 10% of voters swore an oath to the
Union, they could return if they adopted the 13 th Amendment
Congressional Plan –
Required a majority of voters to take an oath to the Union
Freedmen’s Bureau – set up to help former slaves adjust to freedom (gave food, clothes, supplies, settled disputes, etc.)

Radical Republicans & Radical
Reconstruction

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13 th Amendment (1865) – ended slavery in the US
14 th Amendment (1866 ) – gave African Americans citizenship and equal protection under the law
15 th Amendment (1870) – gave voting rights to males of all races over 21
 Reconstruction Acts of
1867 – created 5 military districts in the South.
Forced South to accept 14 th

Johnson’s Impeachment


 House impeached Johnson on a minor offense
Was not removed
Precedent: president wouldn’t be removed due to disagreements and minor offenses
 Left powerless after impeachment

Reconstruction in the South


Carpetbaggers – nickname given to white
Northerners who traveled to the South thought to be taking advantage of the political situation in the
South
Scalawags – nickname for southern whites who sided with the northern view of reconstruction

•
13 TH AMENDMENT- ABOLISHED SLAVERY
14 TH AMENDMENT- EQUAL PROTECTION
UNDER THE LAW, DEFINES CITIENSHIP
15 TH AMENDMENT- VOTING RIGHTS
CANNOT BE DENIED BASED ON RACE,
COLOR OR PREVIOUS CONDITIONS OF
SERVITUDE

Gains of the Freedmen
 Sixteen African Americans won Congressional seats in southern states.
 Hiram Revels was the 1st
African American Senator from Mississippi followed by
Blanche Bruce

Compromise of 1877
 Rutherford B. Hayes won presidential election based on a promise to Southern
Democrats to pull all remaining federal troops out of the South
 Ends Military Reconstruction
 Start of the Jim Crow South

Southern Whites Fight Back
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Ku Klux Klanset out to terrorize and prevent Af. Am. from exercising their new freedoms and voting.
Sharecropping – Af. Am. & poor white farmers that worked on someone’s farm for a small share of the crops as payment. (seen as an alternative to slavery)
Tenant Farmingfarmers that paid cash to farm a portion of a plantation owners farm.
Poll Taxesfee required to vote that made it hard for the poor to vote.
Literacy Testsreading test that needed to be completed in order to vote.

Southern Whites Fight Back Cont.
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Grandfather Clause – exemption to the literacy test if your grandfather had voted before 1867.
Jim Crow Laws – local laws that allowed segregation to be legal in places like school, restaurants, hospitals, hotels, train, etc.
 Plessy v. Ferguson- upheld laws which segregated based on race as long as
“Separate but Equal” conditions existed .