Amines & Amides
Nitrogen:
• _____________________ most common atom in living systems.
•
Important component of the structure of ______________________________________
•
Essential to the structure and function of proteins – _________________________________
Amine Structure:
• Characterized by the presence of an ___________________________________________
•
One or more of the ________________________________ can be replaced by an organic
group.
•
Organic derivatives of ___________________________ and, like ammonia, they are
__________________.
•
Amines are classified according to the ___________________________________________
attached to the nitrogen.
•
Primary (1°) – _______________ hydrogen replaced
•
Secondary (2°) – ______________ hydrogens replaced
•
Tertiary (3°) – ___________________ hydrogens replaced
Properties:
• Because nitrogen is more electronegative than hydrogen, the N-H bond is _______________.
•
____________________________________________ can occur between amines and water.
•
Primary and secondary amines have higher boiling points than tertiary amines because
tertiary amines cannot ___________________________________________________.
•
Small amines (six or fewer carbons) are ____________________ in water.
Naming Amines – IUPAC
•
Least common system used
•
Parent chain is longest continuous chain to which the ______________________________.
•
Use a number to indicate the position of the _________________________.
•
Add the prefix _________________________________ to the name of the _____________.
•
If a substituent is present on the nitrogen, it is designated by the prefix _________________.
Naming Amines – Common
• CA system – Chemical Abstracts system
•
The final _____ of the parent name is dropped and the suffix ______________________ is
added.
•
For secondary and tertiary amines, the prefix ____________________________ is added to
the parent compound.
Aromatic Amines:
Other Common Name Amines:
Amides:
• Products formed in a reaction between a _________________________ and an __________.
•
Contains two portions: the ______________________________ group from a carboxylic
acid and the ____________________ group from the amine
Properties of Amides:
•
Most are ________________________ at room temperature
•
___________________________________ boiling points – __________________________
bonding between N-H bond of one amide and the C=O group of the second amide
•
Simpler ones are quite ________________________ in water
•
Unlike amines, amides are NOT _______________________
Naming Amides – IUPAC
• Replace the ____________________________ from the carboxylic acid with the ending
________________________________.
•
Substituents on the _____________________________ are placed as
___________________ and are indicated by _____________ followed by the name of
the substituent.