Overview of the Science Course
What do the
following have
in common?
What similarities do the lego
model and the person who made
it have?
Both the Lego model and the
human are made up of building
blocks!
• But what are our building blocks!
CELLS!
All living things are made up of cells
Animal and Plant Cells
Objective and Outcomes
• To describe the structure and function of
animal and plant cells.
• Label a animal and plant cell correctly.
(E/D)
• Describe the functions of the different
organelles within both animal and plant
cells. (C/B)
• Do calculations to calculate actual size,
length of image and magnification of a
specimen. (B/A)
How can we be so complicated
but made of just cells?
• There are loads of different types of cells, but
they all still have the same basic structure with a
few similarities.
• Just like Lego blocks are made of same basic
structure but with small differences to allow for
loads of different shapes!
What you need to know?
• Describe the function of the
components of a plant cell including
chloroplast, large vacuole, cell wall, cell
membrane, mitochondria, cytoplasm and
nucleus.
• Describe the function of the
components of an animal cell including
cell membrane, mitochondria, cytoplasm
and nucleus.
Your Task
• Use the information provided to draw
and label plant and animal cells.
• Your diagrams must include the key
structures highlighted in the
specification alongside descriptions of
their functions.
The Animal Cell
• The control centre of the cell is called the
......................
• The part of the cell that allows chemicals in
and out is called the ......................
• The liquid inside an animal cell is called
......................
• Respiration happens in the
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Mitochondria
The Plant Cell
• The control centre of the cell is called the ......................
• The part of the cell that allows chemicals in and out is
called the ......................
• The ...................... is where the plant stores food that it has
made.
• The ...................... gives the plant cell structure so that it
doesn't sag, it is made of cellulose.
• The liquid inside a plant cell is called ......................
• Photosynthesis happens in the
Cell Wall
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Vacuole
Cell Membrane
Chloroplasts
Cell Membranes / Cell Walls
• Do not get confused between
cell membranes and cell walls.
• All cells have a cell membrane
around their cytoplasm
• Only plant cells have cell walls,
to make them rigid
What’s the difference?
Use the known functions
of each feature to
organise them into the
following groups…
Animal
Both
Plant
Microscopes
In light microscopes,
light passes through
a specimen and then
through magnifying
lenses so you see the
object much bigger
than it really is.
• Microscopes let us see things that we
can’t see with the naked eye.
• Light microscopes were invented in the
1950’s. They let us see things like
nuclei, chloroplasts and mitochondria.
Microscopes
Light Microscopes
• Invented in 1590’s.
• They let use see things
like nuclei, chloroplasts
and mitochondria.
Electron Microscopes
• Invented in the 1930’s.
• Let use see much
smaller things in more
detail like the internal
structure of
mitochondria and
chloroplasts.
Magnification
• The length of
the magnified object = Length of the object X Magnification
• Rearranging this tells us that
Length of object
=
Length of the magnified object
The magnification
1. A scientist looks at a cell with a microscope that has
a magnification of times 40.
The cell is 0.1 mm long.
Calculate the size of the magnified image.
(2)
2. The electron microscope can magnify
images...........................................................................than
the light microscope.
(ii) The diagram shows a sperm cell that has been
magnified 100 000 times.
Calculate the actual length of the sperm cell.
Answers
1. 40 X 0.1 =
2. 130/ 100 000 =
Independent Study
• Bacteria cells are different to plant and
animal cells.
• Your task is to draw a labelled bacteria
cell, the four parts you need to include
are, Chromosmal DNA, plasmids,
flagellum and cell wall.
• Make sure you describe the function of
each part.
Bacterial Features
Nucleus
Controls the activities of the Cell
Cell
Controls what moves in and out of the cell
Membrane
Mitochondria Where respiration takes place and provides energy
for the cell
Cell Wall
Provides support for the cell.
Cytoplasm
Jelly like substance that has dissolved substances in
it.
Plasmid
Loop of DNA that carries extra information
Chromosomal Giant loop of DNA containing genetic information
DNA
but is not packed into a nucleus like other plant
and animal cells
Flagellum
Long structures that help bacteria to move around.
Not all bacteria has a flagellum