Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste
Management for Urban Local Bodies – M4:
Key issues and principles
of sustainable MSWM
[Module 4]
Key issues and principles of sustainable MSWM
Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste
Management for Urban Local Bodies – M4:
Key issues and principles
of sustainable MSWM
How do you manage a solid waste management system?
Can it be framed around
technology only?
Nowadays we have to ask
other important questions –
Which ones ?
 For whom is the waste managed?
 How can conflicting ideas and claims
be dealt with
 Who is responsible for planning the
system and creating it?
 Who operates it?
 Who maintains it?
 Who pays for it?
 Who uses it?
 Who owns it?
Module 4: Basics
2
Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste
Management for Urban Local Bodies – M4:
Key issues and principles
of sustainable MSWM
How do you manage a solid waste management system?
Planning
Management
Using best practice examples
to promote solutions
Inclusion of stakeholders
Compile a personal work
plan
Financing
Prepare a report on the
outcomes of the training
Institutional framework
Module 4: Basics
3
Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste
Management for Urban Local Bodies – M4:
Key issues and principles
of sustainable MSWM
Strategic planning of integrated MSWM
Strategic planning is a systematic process of
 envisioning a desired future, and
 translating this vision into broadly defined goals
or objectives, and
 a sequence of steps to achieve them.
Module 4: Basics
4
Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste
Management for Urban Local Bodies – M4:
Key issues and principles
of sustainable MSWM
Strategic planning of integrated MSWM – the process
stakeholder - consensus building
Governance
and institutional
framework
2. Define baseline
Financial
sustainability
3. Establish strategic
planning framework
Capacity
building
Awareness
generation &
behavioural
change
Integrate
strategic
aspects
Integrate
functional
elements
4. Identify and evaluate
options
Technology
options
5. Develop strategy
6. Prepare action plan
7. Implement the
strategic plan
update
Delegation /
Regional
approach
Stakeholder participation
1. Mobilise the planning
process
Module 4: Basics
5
Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste
Management for Urban Local Bodies – M4:
Key issues and principles
of sustainable MSWM
Planning of integrated MSWM – Understand the context
Content of the plan
(1)
Framework &
context
(2)
Strategy for
collection, storage
and transportation
(3)
Strategy for
treatment and
disposal
(4)
Strategy for waste
reduction
(5)
Institutional and
organizational setup
Technical
options
(6)
Strategy for
financing and cost
recovery
Implementation
strategy
(7)
Strategy for building
public awareness
and education
Framework
conditions
Local
conditions
Local
objectives
and Plan
http://origin-ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0956053X13000032-gr2.jpg
Module 4: Basics
6
Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste
Management for Urban Local Bodies – M4:
Key issues and principles
of sustainable MSWM
Planning of integrated MSWM – City Sanitation Task Force as
responsible body
Who is
involved?
Repres. from
educational
and cultural
sector
Repres. from
formal and
informal
companies
Agencies
directly
responsible
City
Sanitation
Task
Force
Repres. from
Unions
NGOs
working in
relevant
sectors
Repres. of
higher levels
of Govt.
Agencies
indirectly
involved
Re-pres.
from civil
society /
communities
Eminent
individuals
and
practicioners
Repres.
from private
sector
Module 4: Basics
Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste
Management for Urban Local Bodies – M4:
Key issues and principles
of sustainable MSWM
Planning of integrated MSWM – City Sanitation Task Force as
responsible body
Responsible
for
e.g. Municipal
Corporation
Launching
MSWM
Campaign
Recommend
permanent
responsibilities
Overall
guidance to
implementing
agency
Communication of
progress
Generating
awareness
City
Sanitation
Task
Force
Approval of
project
documents
and reports
Approving
the MSWMPlan
Field visits
to
supervise
progress
Module 4: Basics
Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste
Management for Urban Local Bodies – M4:
Key issues and principles
of sustainable MSWM
Exemplary planning issues
Waste
quantification
Regional
apporach
Planning
of
transfer
stations
Module 4: Extras
9
Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste
Management for Urban Local Bodies – M4:
Key issues and principles
of sustainable MSWM
Quantification of waste
Why?
Input for assessment of required
capacities and services
What?
Amount of waste generated
within the municipality (per type /
per day / per year)
Spatial distribution of waste
generated
http://www.iswa2012.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/garbage-india.jpg
Composition of waste generated
How?
Rough estimation as per average waste production and composition
as a function of city and ward size
Identification and location of generators of specific wastes or bulk
waste (commerce, institutions, hotels, restaurants, etc.)
Application of specific methods as described in MoUD technical
manuals
Module 4: Extras
10
Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste
Management for Urban Local Bodies – M4:
Key issues and principles
of sustainable MSWM
Quantification of waste
Module 4: Extras
11
Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste
Management for Urban Local Bodies – M4:
Key issues and principles
of sustainable MSWM
Regional approach
What Is Regionalization ?
• Regionalization refers to bundling of the waste disposal
needs of several towns/cities and tackling the problem
of all of them through creation of one regional facility
• A partnership between Urban Local Bodies
Module 4: Extras
12
Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste
Management for Urban Local Bodies – M4:
Key issues and principles
of sustainable MSWM
Optimization of waste transfer – best practice example
Status quo
•
•
•
•
70 square kilometres city area;
1000 tonnes of waste per day;
landfill 40km east of the city;
severe traffic congestions in the
city restricting the hours of
collection.
•
•
•
•
•
125 trucks (plus standby vehicles),
125 drivers and
500 loaders.
vehicle costs: 8,750,000 $
total staff: 625
Option 1:
Large transfer station
Collection system requires:
• 63 collection vehicles (plus standby
vehicles),
• 63 drivers and
• 250 loaders.
Transfer system requires:
• 22 trucks, (plus standby vehicles),
• 22 drivers and
• 22 drivers’ assistants
• vehicle costs: 6,230,000 $
• total staff: 379
Source: Solid Waste Management in the World’s Cities, UN-Habitat (2010), page 90
Module 4: Extras
13
Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste
Management for Urban Local Bodies – M4:
Key issues and principles
of sustainable MSWM
Optimization of waste transfer – best practice example
Option 2:
12 small transfer stations
Each SRS requires collection system:
• 12 handcarts and tricycles collect 8 tonnes per day within a 0.5km radius of the STS (one crew).
• 8 three-wheelers (1.5-cubic-metre Tuctucs) collect 40 tonnes per day within a 1.5km radius (one crew).
• 5 3-cubic-metre tipping trucks collect 40 tonnes per day within a 3km radius (two crews) (each of the above vehicles
will require backup vehicles to allow for breakdowns)
Transfer vehicles for 12 STS requires:
• Transfer vehicles: 12 work two shifts with 24 drivers and 24 assistants.
• Handcarts and tricycles: 12 X 12 = 144 with 144 loaders.
• Three-wheelers: 12 X 8 = 96 with 96 unskilled driver/loaders.
• Small tippers: 60 with 60 drivers and 60 loaders.
• Total labour requirements: 84 drivers and 324 unskilled workers.
Total requirements
• vehicle costs: 3,088,000 $
• total staff: 372
Module 4: Extras
14
Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste
Management for Urban Local Bodies – M4:
Key issues and principles
of sustainable MSWM
Regional approach
Why?
Municipality A
Collection
Treatment and disposal
exceed technical and
financial capacities
No land available
Municipality B
Collection
Municipality C
Collection
Municipality D
Collection
Joint Transportation
Joint
Treatment
Facility
Economy of scale
more attractive for
private sector
Joint
Disposal
Facility
Framework
Organisational set-up
Delegation of responsibility
Lead by State Government
Partners ensure efficiency jointly
Lead by Authority
Reliable and sound cost sharing
Competitive biding of Private Partners
Sanctity of contracts
Each ULB has responsibility for its part
Module 4: Extras
15
Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste
Management for Urban Local Bodies – M4:
Key issues and principles
of sustainable MSWM
Regional approach
more efficient use of land
Advantages
higher efficiency of costs
Module 4: Extras
16
Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste
Management for Urban Local Bodies – M4:
Efficient use of land
Key issues and principles
of sustainable MSWM
Figure showing landfill area (plan)
local landfill
3 Acre
local landfill
 Height of landfill up to bund is 1.5 m
 above bund is 3 m
 excavation depth is 1.1 m
11 Acre
regional landfill
 waste going to landfill is 20 tpd
 landfill is designed for 3 years
regional landfill
 Height of landfill up to bund is 1.5 m
 above bund is 15 m
 excavation depth is 1.1 m
 Waste going to landfill is 200 tpd
 landfill is designed for 3 years
four times the area can dispose 10
times amount of waste !
Module 4: Extras
17
Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste
Management for Urban Local Bodies – M4:
Key issues and principles
of sustainable MSWM
Cost efficiency in INR per ton of waste
Site development
local landfill
20 tpd
Rs. 39.83 / ton
regional landfill
200 tpd
Rs. 4.06 / ton
Construction
Rs. 579.00 /ton
Equipment
Operation and
maintenance
Rs. 188.00 / ton
Rs. 135.00 / ton
Rs. 25.34 / ton
20 tpd landfill is
4.3 times costlier
20 tpd landfill is
7.4 times costlier
cost efficiency
20 tpd landfill is
9.8 times costlier
20 tpd landfill is
4.0 times costlier
Factors determining O & M cost :
• Number of equipments
• Utilisation of equipments
• Manpower
• Consumables
• Return of capital
Module 4: Extras
18
Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste
Management for Urban Local Bodies – M4:
Key issues and principles
of sustainable MSWM
Management - General orientation / basic idea
The municipal authorities should make concerted efforts
 to inculcate among their officers and staff a sense of pride
in the work they do, and
 to motivate them to do their best to improve the level of
services in the city and the image of the municipal
administration.
Module 4: Basics
19
Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste
Management for Urban Local Bodies – M4:
Key issues and principles
of sustainable MSWM
Discuss in group:
Management key questions
Management principles /
tools
Leadership involves
• establishing a clear vision,
• sharing that vision with others so that they will
follow willingly,
• providing the information, knowledge and
methods to realize that vision, and
• coordinating and balancing the conflicting
interests of all members and stakeholders.
•
Who or what guides you?
•
How do you adapt your work to
changing conditions?
•
Do you evaluate the achievements?
•
Do you communicate achievements
and needs to upper and lower levels?
•
leadership
•
framework / rules of conduct
•
communication / information flow
•
follow-up
•
adjustment / intervention / decision
•
Capacity Development / Human Resource
Development
Module 4: Basics
20
Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste
Management for Urban Local Bodies – M4:
Key issues and principles
of sustainable MSWM
Management - elements
Levels of
management
The circular
model of
management
Data
management
Monitoring and
improvement of
performance
Module 4: Basics
21
Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste
Management for Urban Local Bodies – M4:
Management tasks
Mayor, President
Commissioners,
Chief Officers
Upper
Management
Middle
Management
Health Officers,
Engineers
Lower Management
Is there something
to be added?
Sanitary
inspectors and
supervisors
Key issues and principles
of sustainable MSWM





strategy goals, policy decisions
framework for MSWM
overall annual planning
overall monitoring
formation city sanitation task force








technical supervision, monitoring operations
guidance operations
quality control operations
supervision of strategy & plan implementation
specific annual planning
responsibility for service contracts
stakeholder management
working counterpart city sanitation task force
 implementation and supervision of day-to-day
operations / services
 guidance and human resource development
 monitoring of contractors
 complaints redress
 maintenance infrastructure and equipment
 reporting
Module 4: Basics
22
Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste
Management for Urban Local Bodies – M4:
Key issues and principles
of sustainable MSWM
Management of Municipal Solid Waste
Citizens are responsible for
 Proper segregation of wastes at source
 Avoid littering of streets;
 Delivery of wastes
Municipality is responsible for:
 Waste management from collection to disposal
 Sensitization of citizens for 3R and overall
waste management;
: http://www.cmar.csiro.au/research/mse/images/adaptive_cycle.gif
What is Management ?
The Management Cycle
Module 4: Basics
23
Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste
Management for Urban Local Bodies – M4:
Key issues and principles
of sustainable MSWM
Information and data management
There is a common rule in management:
‘If you want to manage, measure’!
Why?
(1)
You have to know what is happening at any time
(2)
You need to recognize and address deficiencies
(3)
You need to have an idea on future requirements
(4)
You must be able to answer questions of stakeholders and supervisors
Module 4: Basics
24
Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste
Management for Urban Local Bodies – M4:
Key issues and principles
of sustainable MSWM
Information and data management - basics
Data
•
•
•
•
clearly define data to be collected regularlaly
define basic data to be collected in any case
define add on data
define data formats
Collection
•
•
•
•
standardized method
regular intervals
check reliability
follow-up and supervise
Storage
•
•
•
•
ensure accessibility
ensure standardized storage
ensure regular updating
consider IT solutions
Processing
• consider IT solutions
• follow-up and supervise
Module 4: Basics
25
Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste
Management for Urban Local Bodies – M4:
Key issues and principles
of sustainable MSWM
Management Information System
General
Waste
infrastructure
Management
Operation
Supervision
City
Wards
Generation
Storage
Financial
aspects
Staff
positions
Collection
Base line data
Transport
Treatment &
disposal
Storage
Transport
Treatment &
disposal
Special
services
Bulk
services
Vehicle
maintenance
Environmental
monitoring
Complaints
Cost
recovery
Penalties
Legal matters
Module 4: Extras
26
Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste
Management for Urban Local Bodies – M4:
Key issues and principles
of sustainable MSWM
Monitoring and improvement of performance - Why SLBs are useful for
ULBs?
o SLBs help to institutionalise performance management
o SLBs help ULBs to proof their performance as principal elected institution for
city self-governance
o Benchmarking with other cities facilitates competitive environment for
continuous improvement
o Performance data at sub-ULB level are useful for appropriate decisions
o Help local decision-makers identify gaps, plan and prioritise improvement
measures
o Make it possible to link decision-making on financial allocations to service
outcomes
o Provide framework that can underlie contracts/agreements with service
providers
o Enhance accountability to customers for service delivery levels
o Enable identification and transfer of best practice
Module 4: Basics
27
Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste
Management for Urban Local Bodies – M4:
Key issues and principles
of sustainable MSWM
SLBs for MSWM
Indicator
Benchmark
(1) Household level coverage of solid waste
management services
100%
(2) Efficiency of collection of municipal solid
waste
100%
(3) Extent of segregation of municipal solid waste
100%
(4) Extent of municipal solid waste recovered
80%
(5) Extent of scientific disposal of municipal solid
waste
100%
(6) Efficiency in redressal of customer complaints
80%
(7) Extent of cost recovery in SWM services
100%
(8) Efficiency in collection of SWM charges
90%
Module 4: Basics
28
Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste
Management for Urban Local Bodies – M4:
Key issues and principles
of sustainable MSWM
Monitoring process
Module 4: Extras
29
Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste
Management for Urban Local Bodies – M4:
Key issues and principles
of sustainable MSWM
Inclusion of stakeholders
Participation
Gender aspects of
MSWM
Participaton of
informal sector
Module 4: Basics
Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste
Management for Urban Local Bodies – M4:
Key issues and principles
of sustainable MSWM
Inclusion of stakeholders – Why is it important?
(1)
Solid waste management is a shared responsibility
(2)
Participation creates ownership and means shared
responsibility for the strategy and its joint
undertaking
(3)
Participants bring information for the strategy,
ensuring that it is based on a common
understanding of purpose, problems and solutions
(4)
Participation is the most effective way of
communicating information on which the strategy is
based, its goals and tasks to be undertaken;
(5)
Participation by stakeholder groups is critical for
decision making. The result will be a realistic
strategy with a broad base of knowledge,
understanding and commitment from the groups
involved
Module 4: Basics
Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste
Management for Urban Local Bodies – M4:
Key issues and principles
of sustainable MSWM
Inclusion of stakeholders – Where and when is it important?
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-7IwhuRXM-hI/UN-h-25BjgI/AAAAAAAB0XY/FXbI1neWl6U/s1600/SELFSERVICE-BIN.jpg
(1)
Implementation of the 3R approach
(2)
Segregation at source and (secondary) storage of
biodegradable / non-biodegradable wastes,
recyclables etc. at source
(3)
Community storage facilities and collection form there
in flats, multi-storied buildings, societies, commercial
complexes, institutions, etc.
(4)
Door-to-door collection or collection via community
bins, collection of recyclables, HHW, etc.
(5)
Stop of public littering
(6)
Introduction of user charges / fees, understanding
need to pay for services;
Module 4: Basics
Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste
Management for Urban Local Bodies – M4:
Key issues and principles
of sustainable MSWM
Stakeholder participation
Guiding
principles
(1) Build confidence – take partners serious, ensure two way
communication and collaboration, establish rules and respect
norms, respect each other, don’t play games, respect other
interests, and opinions
(2) Ensure to reach the community – ensure that all relevant
stakeholders / actors are reached and included; make the project
attractive; make added value visible; motivate reluctant parties to
participate
https://kce.fgov.be/sites/default/files/imagecache/content_page_image_doublec
olumn/R_174.jpg
(3) Involve stakeholders actively in problem identification and
solution - involve partners in problem analysis, visioning, priority
setting, solution identification, strategy development,
implementation and monitoring; avoid the feeling of only being
decoration
(4) Include stakeholders in implementation and success stories –
make success in pilot projects visible to other areas, let the
stakeholders participate in success stories
(5) Public Information, Education and Communication – ensure
sufficient outreach and visibility, offer various measures to build the
required awareness and capacities
Module 4: Basics
33
Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste
Management for Urban Local Bodies – M4:
Key issues and principles
of sustainable MSWM
Extent of participation
Passive
• spectator
• no own
initiative
Only for
incentives
• participate
only if there is
some kind of
gain
Consultations
• engagement
only
on particular
topic
• not proactive
• answering
questions
Functional
participation
• proactive
• functional
engagement
• supportive
efforts
Interactive
participation
• ability to
influence
decisions
• suggest /
demand for
alternate
options
Self
Mobilization
• willingness to
contribute
resources
• highly
empowered
to take up
activities
• decision
making
Module 4: Extras
Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste
Management for Urban Local Bodies – M4:
Key issues and principles
of sustainable MSWM
Tools to organize and manage participation – stakeholder analysis
1) stakeholder landscape
2) analyse interests of
stakeholders:
are they in line with the
project or controversial ?
3) possible impacts of
dissonances, differences in
interests
4) develop strategy for
management of stakeholders
according to their role /
influence, interest and
potential conflicts
https://www.wbginvestmentclimate.org/toolkits/public-policy-toolkit/images/sample-stakeholder-matrix_1.JPG
Module 4: Extras
Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste
Management for Urban Local Bodies – M4:
Key issues and principles
of sustainable MSWM
Tools to organize and manage participation – how to deal with conflicts?
Options to deal with conflicts:
a) ignore
b) live
c) find options to achieve win-win situation
Avoid:
http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQhLbwVzBwBK7oViaKQEHvGNcTP9W39SIHm53RnvZi013JYhMhO
a) naivety
b) neutral poses when you are not
c) underestimating potential for violence
d) to be the do-gooder
e) to be the megaphone
Module 4: Extras
Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste
Management for Urban Local Bodies – M4:
Key issues and principles
of sustainable MSWM
Tools to organize and manage participation - examples (1)
Group meeting
After an opening presentation, the group is broken into smaller
groups to discuss an issue or complete a specific task. Summaries
of small group discussions and an open comment period may follow.
Focus group
discussion
Small discussion group led by a facilitator who draws out in-depth
stakeholder input on specific questions. Normally, several focus
groups are held, and participants can be chosen randomly or to
approximate a subset of the community.
Interview
Face-to-face or telephone interaction with stakeholders conducted
by the agency or by a third-party representative.
Field trip
Trip to specific location organized so that participants can match
their mental images to real, on-the-ground conditions. Participants
may be asked to express their reactions verbally or in writing.
Module 4: Extras
Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste
Management for Urban Local Bodies – M4:
Key issues and principles
of sustainable MSWM
Tools to organize and manage participation - examples (2)
Open house
Event in which the public is invited to drop in at any time during
an announced period. Event includes staffed booths or stations
on specific topics and may precede a public meeting.
Public hearing
Formal, single meeting where stakeholders present official
statements and positions, and those ideas are recorded into a
formal record for delivery to the agency.
Poll or survey
Written or oral lists of questions to solicit community impressions
about issues at a specific moment in time. Polls and surveys can
be administered in person, or via the telephone or Internet.
Module 4: Extras
Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste
Management for Urban Local Bodies – M4:
Key issues and principles
of sustainable MSWM
Gender aspects of MSWM
(1) Women and men look at waste from different perspectives.
(2) Recycling and reusing of wastes have critical gender dimensions:
a. on generation side
b. on recycling side
What are gender related key issues in MSWM?
•
Women and children are prime handlers of garbage in households
•
Services and equipment are designed by men, with other priorities in
mind
•
Women and children are often more exposed to SW health hazards than
men
•
Women are key to improving SWM of family and community
Module 4: Basics
39
Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste
Management for Urban Local Bodies – M4:
Key issues and principles
of sustainable MSWM
Gender aspects of MSWM
Roles and responsibilities of women in waste management of households
•
Women decide what is useful and what is waste, and handle the waste
•
Women know the waste disposal places in their neighborhoods
•
The boundary between household and community is a gender boundary:
Waste collectors, as well as the city leadership, who are generally male, tend not to
understand the interests and needs of women in relation to the collection of household
waste, e.g.:
•
They may complain when the waste is not set out properly, not taking into
account that the women often cannot really leave their homes to put it in its
proper place;
•
Times for waste collection may not have been set with any attention to the
schedules and responsibilities of the women who will bring the waste to be
collected.
•
Containers which are appropriate for storage in the home may not be acceptable
to the collectors, etc.
•
Storage bins may not be easy to handle for women
Module 4: Basics
40
Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste
Management for Urban Local Bodies – M4:
Key issues and principles
of sustainable MSWM
Gender aspects of MSWM
Women as workers in waste management
• Services and equipment are designed by men
• Women workers are usually paid less
• Women entrepreneurs and workers are underprivileged, their access to
credits is even worse than for men
• Lack of interest, political will or weak sense of importance in the
community of decision makers to address issues of women workers in
any cogent manner
Module 4: Basics
41
Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste
Management for Urban Local Bodies – M4:
Key issues and principles
of sustainable MSWM
Participation of informal sector - Social business
door-to-door
collection of waste
collection,
processing and
sale of recyclables
collection,
processing and sale
of biodegradable
waste
collection,
processing and
recycling of
E-waste
A Social Business
o addresses a social objective
o is a non-loss, non-dividend company
o is distinct from a non-profit because the business seeks to
generate a modest profit
o profit will be used to expand the company’s reach, improve the
product or service or to subsidize the social goal
can help to formalize informal activities
 improves social security
 requires entrepreneurs
 improves income
 requires investment
 can be a partner for the ULB
 requires support
Module 4: Basics
42
Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste
Management for Urban Local Bodies – M4:
Key issues and principles
of sustainable MSWM
Financing
Financing
Public Private
Partnership
Module 4: Basics
Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste
Management for Urban Local Bodies – M4:
Key issues and principles
of sustainable MSWM
Financing – priotization and optimization of costs and income
Priority for
obligatory
services
Define minimum
level of services
Check options
for increase of
income
Review level of
existing charges
and fees
Encourage
delegation
Review costs
Module 4: Basics
44
Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste
Management for Urban Local Bodies – M4:
Key issues and principles
of sustainable MSWM
Financing - implementation
Financing of
investments
•
•
•
•
•
government schemes and subisidies
international loans and funds
Municipal bonds, financing from own sources
PPP or other private financing
regional MSWM to reduce costs
O&M and
capital cost
recovery
•
•
•
•
introduction and collection of charges and fees
percentage of property tax
alternative income sources (products, carbon credits …)
private investment in O&M, institutional finance, loans
Financial
management
• controlling of project costs
• double entry accrual accounting system
• track costs of service provision
Module 4: Basics
45
Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste
Management for Urban Local Bodies – M4:
Key issues and principles
of sustainable MSWM
Public Private Partnership
private body provides a public service or project
• makes an investment
• takes a risk
• guarantees a service
in a specific quality
and quantity
• expects revenue
Private
Partner
Public
Partner
• delegates a task
• keeps ultimate
responsibility
• supports approval
process
• ensures payment
• provides quality
control and monitoring
Module 4: Basics
46
Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste
Management for Urban Local Bodies – M4:
Key issues and principles
of sustainable MSWM
PPP - process
Module 4: Basics
47
Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste
Management for Urban Local Bodies – M4:
Key issues and principles
of sustainable MSWM
PPP – Lessons learnt
1) Importance of rigorous project preparation and capacity building
2) Structuring focus on outcomes rather than inputs
3) Clarity on land availability and certainty of meeting concessioning
authority’s obligations
4) Political commitment and policy continuity
5) Effective communication and engagement with a wider set of
stakeholders
6) Need for well-defined transition process/duration
7) Commitments relating to waste quantity and quality
Module 4: Basics
48
Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste
Management for Urban Local Bodies – M4:
Key issues and principles
of sustainable MSWM
Institutional framework
Frequent weaknesses
1) Service providers entrusted with parts of MSWM are usually not
directly accountable their clients
2) MSWM is usually under the responsibility of municipal departments not
having the organisational and technical expertise to handle MSW
3) Performance and efficiency of workforce of the ULB entrusted with
MSWM are often far from being satisfactory
Module 4: Basics
49
Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste
Management for Urban Local Bodies – M4:
Key issues and principles
of sustainable MSWM
Institutional framework
Required improvements in framework
1) Authorities and service providers should be for the delivery of the
services and sustainability of the MSWM
2) Professionalization of MSWM and its workers and of their technical
and managerial capabilities
3) Transparent institutional framework with well-defined roles and
responsibilities for each task
4) Authorities to facilitate the processes and to build proper institutions to
handle SWM
Module 4: Basics
50
Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste
Management for Urban Local Bodies – M4:
Key issues and principles
of sustainable MSWM
Institutional framework
Municipality is responsible for waste
management from collection to disposal
Goals
Protection of environmental
quality and health conditions
Money for service quality – ULB
is guardian of public money
 Accountability for delivery and quality of services
Principles
Transparent and well defined responsibilities for all tasks
Authorities act as service providers to the public
Mechanisms
Decentralization
Delegation
• transfer of functions
• decision making
to external actors
close to executing
• private sector /
actors
• division of town into CBOs etc.
zones
• clear line structure
Professionalization
• capacity building to
workers
• equipment
• human resource
development
• well educated staff
Supervision
• day-to-day supervision
of services
• data base
• SLBs
Module 4: Basics
51
Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste
Management for Urban Local Bodies – M4:
Key issues and principles
of sustainable MSWM
Institutional framework
Municipality is responsible for waste
management from collection to disposal
Goals
Protection of environmental
quality and health conditions
Money for service quality – ULB
is guardian of public money
 Accountability for delivery and quality of services
Principles
Transparent and well defined responsibilities for all tasks
Authorities act as service providers to the public
Mechanisms
Decentralization
Delegation
• transfer of functions
• decision making
to external actors
close to executing
• private sector /
actors
• division of town into CBOs etc.
zones
• clear line structure
Professionalization
• capacity building to
workers
• equipment
• human resource
development
• well educated staff
Supervision
• day-to-day supervision
of services
• data base
• SLBs
Module 4: Basics
52
Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste
Management for Urban Local Bodies – M4:
Key issues and principles
of sustainable MSWM
Module 4: Extras
53
Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste
Management for Urban Local Bodies – M4:
Key issues and principles
of sustainable MSWM
Group work on possible objectives for MSWM plan
The next slide lists possible objectives for a MSWM plan.
Reflect the relevance of these objectives for your municipality and formulate and
reflect other desirable objectives for a MSWM plan
Select three or more of the objectives listed below or formulate other objectives.
• increase in coverage of collection,
• improvement in transportation,
• improved management of specific waste classes,
• waste reduction in general,
• increase of recycling rate,
• segregation of dry and wet waste,
• establishment of procedures to prevent hazardous or untreated bio-medical
waste from entering municipal waste chain,
• ensure scientific controlled disposal,
• establishment of procedures to formalize role of informal sector,
• achieve financial self-sufficiency,
Module 4: Activities
54
Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste
Management for Urban Local Bodies – M4:
Key issues and principles
of sustainable MSWM
Group work on possible objectives for MSWM plan (II)
Discuss the following list of questions for each objective selected (you can indicate
specific situation in single towns):
• Specific relevance / urgency of the objective for the municipality
• Data available to provide sound assessment of the situation? Op-tions to
improve the database
• Stakeholders to be involved
• Analyse realistic options given in your municipality to achieve the objective.
Which resources would be required to do so?
• Discuss with your colleagues from other towns and compare the situations in the
towns represented in your work group.
Module 4: Activities
55
Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste
Management for Urban Local Bodies – M4:
Key issues and principles
of sustainable MSWM
Group work on SLBs in the home towns of the participants
SLBs are an important tool for improvement of MSWM.
They require a broad database and regular updating of relevant data.
Reflect the situation in the home towns of the participants and collect ideas for
improvement of the database.
• Four working groups discuss 2 out of the 8 SLBs for MSWM each
• Each group answers the questions listed in the table on next slide
• Discuss with your colleagues from other towns and compare the situations in the
towns represented in your work group.
Module 4: Activities
56
Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste
Management for Urban Local Bodies – M4:
Key issues and principles
of sustainable MSWM
Group work on SLBs in the home towns of the participants
SLB A
SLB B
SLB checked? Y/N
Mode of data collection /
calculation;
If not checked regularly,
which data would be
available?
Reliability of data
Options to improve
reliability of data.
What would be required
for improvement in terms
of resources and working
processes/ mechanisms?
Conclusions from
discussion
Module 4: Activities
57
Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste
Management for Urban Local Bodies – M4:
Key issues and principles
of sustainable MSWM
Group work on using best practice examples to promote solutions in MSWM
•
Topics:
 Construction of small transfer stations in / or close to housing areas
 Promotion of segregation of wet and dry waste and big items at source
 Delegation - engaging informal sector in collection, segregation and composting
 Create your own project idea
•
Develop a concept and find arguments to convince reluctant decision makers and
stakeholders to accept the concept for implementation by answering the following questions:
 What are the benefits of the selected projects for MSWM?
 What are the concerns of stakeholders and decision makers you expect?
 How can / will you address these in your project?
 Who could support you in promoting the project?
•
Discuss with your colleagues from other towns and analyse the obstacles and concerns in
the different towns.
Module 4: Activities
58
Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste
Management for Urban Local Bodies – M4:
Key issues and principles
of sustainable MSWM
Compile a personal work plan - individual and group work
• Individual work: Each participant compiles an individual plan for improvement of
his / her work within the next 3-6 months:
 What definite actions will you take within the next months to promote integrated
and sustainable MSWM in your municipality?
 Please consider actions under your direct responsibility,
 Keep in mind the reasons for non-compliance and options for improvement as
analyzed in the working groups during this training.
 Each participant takes the personal work plan with him / her as a reminder and
agrees with a partner to report on progress every 4 weeks within the next 3-6
months.
 At the end of this period everybody reports to GIZ on the achievements.
• Group work: Each group compiles a summary presentation of the individual
actions for presentation and discussion.
Module 4: Activities
59
Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste
Management for Urban Local Bodies – M4:
Key issues and principles
of sustainable MSWM
Prepare a report on the outcomes of the training
• Individual work: Each participant reflects the training course and prepares an
individual report to his ULB considering the following leading questions:
 Which new insights and best practice knowledge have been provided by the
training?
 Which specific ideas and actions to improve the situation in your home towns
have been triggered by the course? Please do not only focus on technology,
but also consider governance, participation, management, organisation, and
monitoring etc.
 What would you need to convince the decision makers in your ULB?
• Group work: Each group compiles a summary presentation of the individual
analyses for presentation and discussion.
Module 4: Activities
60
Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste
Management for Urban Local Bodies – M4:
Key issues and principles
of sustainable MSWM
Thank you very much
Indo-German Environment Programme (IGEP)
Deutsche Gesellschaft für
Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH
Sustainable Urban Habitat
B-5/2, First Floor,
Safdurjung Encalve, New Delhi-110029,
Tel: +91-11-49495300/01/02
Module 4: Basics
61