PERSONAL PROFILE
AND
MUSCULO-SKELETAL SYSTEM
Use these resources to help you
http://www.innerbody.com/
www.mypeexam.com
BTEC Sport Level 3 Textbook
AS PE Textbook and revision books
PERSONAL PROFILE
In the space below, write about your sporting background, including the level you have
played at; why you have chosen to study sport at Havant Sixth Form College and your
career goals.
Label the bones on the diagram below
Don’t forget – you catch with your carpals and your toes are near your
tarsals
On the diagram below, label a) the following joints, b) the bones that
form that joint, c) the type of joint and d) the movements possible at that
joint:
Shoulder (3 bones) Elbow (3 bones)
Radio-ulnar joint (2 bones)
Wrist (3 bones)
Hip (2 bones)
Knee (4 bones)
Ankle (3 bones)
(Use the diagram on the next page if you do not have enough room)
On the diagram below label the following muscles:
Latissimus Dorsi
Trapezius
Deltoid
Biceps Brachii
Triceps Brachii
Pectoralis Major
Wrist flexors/extensors Pronator Teres
Supinators
Rectus Abdominus
External/Internal Obliques
Erector Spinae Group
Illiopsoas
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Tibialis anterior
Remember you need to refer
to specific muscles not just
ALL 3 MUSCLES IN THE ADDUCTOR GROUP
hamstring/quadriceps
ALL 3 MUSCLES IN THE GLUTEAL GROUP
ALL 3 MUSCLES OF THE HAMSTRING GROUP
ALL 4 MUSCLES OF THE QUADRICEPS GROUP (think MILF)
Use full names e.g.
Biceps BRACHII, Triceps
BRACHII or RECTUS
ABDOMINUS
Q. What are the name of the muscles that make up the:
Rotator Cuff:
Gluteals:
Adductors:
Muscle contractions
Define the following terms:
ISOTONIC CONTRACTIONS =
The 2 types of isotonic contraction:
Concentric =
Eccentric =
ISOMETRIC CONTRACTIONS =
Examples of isometric contractions include: holding a handstand and performing a
bridge or plank.
What muscles are involved in the above movements?
A more in depth look at eccentric contractions
Responsible for controlling a movement, slowing down a contraction so they act
as a ‘brake’
The simplest example of an eccentric contraction is lowering a barbell in a biceps
curl. The biceps brachii contracts concentrically to lift the barbell up. It’s also
contracting as you lower the weight — to stop your arm dropping quickly – here
the biceps brachii contracts eccentrically.
How does this relate to the triceps brachii during a press up? Explain the
concentric and eccentric phase of the movement.
ANOTHER EXAMPLE – from http://saveyourself.ca/articles/eccentriccontractions.php
The quadriceps muscle group contracts eccentrically as you descend stairs or a
hill. When the quadriceps contract concentrically, extending the knee powerfully to
lift you up. But when you step down, your knee starts extended and then flexes as
your body follows: the quadriceps contract eccentrically to keep the knee from
collapsing too fast or too far.
What other sporting examples can you think of when the quadriceps act as a
‘brake’?
ANTAGONISTIC MUSCLE ACTION
Define the following terms:
AGONIST=
ANTAGONIST=
Using the definitions above, explain antagonistic muscle action using practical
examples from sport/physical activity.
Have a go at these past exam questions:
On the diagram below label A) the following joints, B) movements
possible at that joint and C) the agonist (and antagonist) responsible for
those movements.
Shoulder
Elbow
Hip
Knee
Ankle
Radio-ulnar
Wrist
(use the diagram on the next page as well if you need more room)
For the SPINE identify 1) the types of joint, 2) the movements possible
at the spine, 3) movements possible at the spine and 4) the agonist
(and antagonist) responsible for those movements.
WARM UP AND COOL DOWN
The Warm up is a crucial part of any sport. A warm up will increase the
quality of performance on the day by preparing the body for exercise and
reducing the risk of injury.
THE 3 PHASES OF A WARM UP ARE:
1)
2)
3)
Explain how the points below, related to a warm up, benefit the skeletal
muscles:
 Reduction in muscle viscosity –
 Increased speed of nerve transmission –
 Increased extensibility of ligaments and tendons –
Explain how the points below, related to a cool down, benefit the
skeletal muscles:
 Increases the speed lactic acid removal
 Decrease risk of DOMS
 Prevent blood pooling