Qing Dynasty
of China

The End of the
Chinese Empire
and the fall of the Qing
Dynasty
Republic of China
The banner of the Chinese Emperor
http://www.scientiaweb.com/2011/03/20/china-flagexplained/
RECAP: Western Imperialism
in China
• China loses the Opium Wars to Britain
badly (1860)
• China is humiliated in wars and in the final
peace treaties, they loose land and honor
• The Chinese people vent their anger at
foreigners who they can’t beat but now
also towards the emperor in the capital
city of Beijing
“The Mandate of Heaven”
• Lived in the “Forbidden City” in Beijing
The Mandate of Heaven is based on four
principles:
• 1. The right to rule is granted by heaven.
• 2. There is only one heaven therefore there can
be only one ruler.
• 3.The right to rule is based on the virtue of the
ruler.
• 4. The right to rule is not limited to one dynasty.
Empress Ci-Xi of China
ruled (1861-1908)
Cíxǐ Tàihòu
In Chinese
Known as the Dowager Empress
Dowager = endowed,
widower
Very conservative
Emperor Guangxu ruled (1875 to 1908)
• The rightful ruler of China but
Empress Cixi launched a coup in 1898
and took his place
He was only in power 33 years.
Beijing Palace 2011
Above the Forbidden City
2010 in Beijing, China
Xuantong Emperor ruled (1908-1 912)
• His name was Puyi
• He was the “Last Emperor”
of China
• His fall ended the monarchy
• 221 BC was the first emperor of
China! – the Qin dynasty
The name for China is thought
to come from “Qin”.
That means China had emperors
over 2000 years!
Internal Problems increase
in China
(1800-1900)
• Population boom, but food
production doesn’t increase
• Widespread hunger
• Bad flooding on the Yellow River
• Government corruption
• Opium addiction steadily increased
Open Door Policy
• U.S. fears being left out of China.
• China is a huge Market.
• U.S. declares an Open Door Policy in 1898.
• Any Nation may trade anywhere in
China.
• This Prevented China from being divided
into colonies like most countries in…
Africa and many in Southeast Asia.
Boxer Rebellion- Year 1900
Chinese Nationalism grows…
Why? A campaign
against Empress’ rule
and foreigner’s special
privileges and western
culture
Named Secret Society of
Harmonious Fists /
The Boxers
Boxer Rebellion (in 1900)
•Chinese cry “Death to the Foreign Devils”
•The boxers siege of Beijing
•Empress Cixi verbally supports, but gives no military
help
•August, 1900: multinational force of 20,000 Western
troops quickly defeats the Boxers
•Austria-Hungary, France, Germany, Italy, Japan,
Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States all
send troops- 8 NATION ALLIANCE
•Rebellion was crushed and China was forced to pay
reparations
8 Nations Alliance
The 8 Nations were: Austria-Hungary, France, Germany, Italy, Japan,
Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States
Manchuria
in
TIBET (Br.)
Yangzi River (Br.)
What 5 countries attacked China from 1800-1910?
Answer: Britain, France, Russia, Netherlands (Dutch), Japan
The Republic of China is born
• Dr. Sun Yat Sen leads China’s people to overthrow
the Qing dynasty in Beijing in the Xinhai Revolution in 1911
• The Republic of China is declared in on January 1st, 1912
• Dr. Sun serves as the first President of the Republic of
China
Three Principles of the People
• Nationalism -Westerners out! China is run by the
Chinese for the Chinese
• Democracy – China is run by it’s people, free elections
• Social Welfare- Economic stability for all, Socialism
The Republic of China is founded in 1912
Flag of China
From 1912-28
The Meaning of the new Flag –
Five horizontal stripes
Han People
Manchu People
Mongol People
Uyghur People
Tibetan People
Can you think of some similar flags?
Germany
Mauritius
再 見
I wish you
much success
in your
studies in the
Year
of the Dragon!
Sources
Source Acknowledgments:
•http://www.slideshare.net/Hugh_07/qing-dynasty-9716603
•http://www.slideshare.net/treed/qing-dynasty-5632989
•http://www-chaos.umd.edu/history/modern2.html