Exercise Physiology,
Anatomy
Cardiovascular system
Exercise Physiology
Bell Ringer

Think way back to year 1: Health occupations:
Talk about these topics:
 What
 How
is flexibility, body composition
do you find fat free weight
 Brainstorm
some fitness testing: (think of what
you do in fitness)
Exercise physiology
 Vocab
pgs 1-3
Exercise Physiology

Optimum Fitness
 Independent
 Use
work from packet
pages 1-3
Exercise Physiology

Vocab!

Independently memorize Cardiovascular System Vocab box.
Exercise Physiology

Using pages 30-34 fill in the guided notes
Anatomy of the Heart Review! Label!

Physiology
of the Cardiopulmonary System
Heart basics:

R & L sides
4
chambers
 R side = venous blood
 Myocardium contracts,
blood to lungs
 Blood picks up oxygen
(hemoglobin)
 Oxy blood to L side
 While R side contracts L
side contracts and sends
blood through aorta to
rest of body

2 main circulatory
patterns.
 Pulmonary:
 Heart
to lungs
 Systemic
 Left
ventricle to
body and back

Cardiac Cycle: phases in
the rhythmic pattern of
cardiac contraction and
relaxation
Physiology of the Cardiopulmonary System

Q (cardiac output) amount of
blood that flows out of
ventricles with each beat



R & L ventricle output is the
same. L has greater force.
WHY?
2 factors:

HR in bpm

Stroke volume (SV) in mL
SV: the amount of bl pumped
from each ventricle each time
the heart beats

Equation:
Q = HR X SV
Example: heart beats 60 times
per min and 70 milliliters of blood
are pumped each beat.
60 bpm x 70mL/beat =
4200mL/min
Physiology of the Cardiopulmonary System

Ejection fraction:


blood in ventricle at the
end of diastole.
At rest it is about 50%, the
heart can supply enough
oxygen for demands of
body. Activity increases
need for oxygen so it needs
to empty the ventricle
completely

Oxygen extraction at the
Muscles

We need oxygen! Oxygen is
in blood on hemoglobin.
When we work we extract it
from hemoglobin.

limitation to exercise
performance is the capacity
of the muscles to extract
oxygen from the
bloodstream to produce
energy.
Bell Ringer
match optimum fitness Vocab to the definitions
A.
B.
___ the number of repeated
contractions a muscle or muscle
group can perform against a
resistance w/o fatigue
___the max amount of force a
muscle or muscle group can develop
during a single contraction
C.
___ the ability of the heart, blood
and lungs to deliver an adequate
supply of oxygen to exercising muscle
D.
___ the sum of fat weight and fat
free weight
E.
___ the amount of movement that
can be accomplished at a joint
1.
Cardiorespiratory endurance
2.
Muscular strength
3.
Muscular endurance
4.
Flexibility
5.
Body composition
Bell Ringer
1. Explain how our bodies get oxygen
3. Put blood in order:
____ blood discharges o2 and binds to CO2 in body
2. Explain Q and how it works.
____ blood enter the right side of the heart
____ blood enters the left side of the heart
____ blood enters the systemic veins
____ blood enters the systemic arteries
____ blood enters the pulmonary arteries
____ blood enters the pulmonary veins
Exercise Physiology
 Vocab:
Work
with a buddy Using pages 6-8
ATP: energy production in cells
ATP

Stands for adenosine triphosphate: its where we get our energy

The body uses Fat and CHO (glucose) as the 2 primary substances to produce
ATP

When client is at rest ATP is mostly produced with fat and CHO because oxygen is
available

With activity, body demands to much oxygen and muscle cannot keep up.
Anaerobic system kicks in to rapidly produce ATP (by using glucose and creatine
phosphate
ATP: energy production in cells con’t
• w/o oxygen
• Primary
system when
oxygen is
depleted
• Occurs inside
the cell but
OUTSIDE the
mitochondria
Creatine phosphate
• w/oxygen
• Most dominant
• Greater the #
of
mitochondria
the greater
the aerobic
energy
production
Anaerobic
Aerobic
Supply of energy (ATP) comes from 1 of 3 pathways
• Also used
when oxygen
is depleted
• Limited supply
• 10 sec of max
effort
Exercise Physiology
Energy production in cells

Enzymes:

Carry out chemical reactions that produce ATP both aerobically and
anaerobically

Below the anaerobic threshold = aerobic enzymes metabolize fat and
carbs

Exercise above anaerobic threshold = anaerobic enzymes take over
AEROBIC TRAINING WILL LEAD TO AN INCREASED CAPACITY TO BURN FAT
ATP: energy production in cells
CONCLUSION

AEROBIC CELL USES FATTY ACIDS AND GLUCOSE TO PRODUCE ATP

AEROBIC PRODUCES MORE ATP THAN ANAEROBIC SYSTEMS (fat yields 9 calories
of energy per gram)

END PRODUCTS (BYPRODUCTS) OF AEROBIC SYSTEM (THE WASTE) IS WATER
AND CO2, THE BODY CAN GET RID OF THOSE SUPER EASY!

ANAEROBIC SYSTEMS USE GLUCOSE AND PHOSPHAGEN

ANAEROBIC SYSTEM PRODUCES LESS ATP

ANAEROBIC SYSTEM BYPRODUCTS = LACTIC ACID ACID, HEAT, HYDROGEN IONS
Aerobic Capacity:

Vo2 max:
 Total

capacity to consume oxygen at the cellular level
2 factors:
 Delivery
of oxygen to the working muscle by the blood (Q)
 The
ability to extract the oxygen from the blood at the capillaries
and use it in the mitochondria.

Formula: VO2 max = (cardiac output max) x (oxygen extraction max)
Measured in mL o2/kg/min
Formula: VO2 max = (cardiac output max) x
(oxygen extraction max)
Measured in mL o2/kg/min
Resting VO2
VO2 Max (for exercise)
Example: client weighs 154 lb (divide
by 2.2 for kg). RHR is 60 bpm, SV is
70mL/beat, oxygen extraction is 6mL
O2/100mL of blood. Then resting VO2
is:
Example: HR 180bpm, SV
115mL/beat, oxygen extraction of
15mL o2/100mL blood.
Vo2 = (60bpm x 70mL/beat)
x (6mL o2/100ml blood)
= 252 mL o2/min

Divide by weight in kg = resting Vo2
Vo2Max = (180 bpm x 115mL/blood)
x (15 mL o2/100mL blood)
= 3,105 mL o2/min
Divide by weight in kg = 44.4
mL/kg/min
WHAT DOES THIS MEAN????????
Formula: VO2 max = (cardiac output max) x
(oxygen extraction max)
Measured in mL o2/kg/min
Resting VO2
VO2 Max (for exercise)
Example: client weighs 154 lb (divide
by 2.2 for kg). RHR is 60 bpm, SV is
70mL/beat, oxygen extraction is 6mL
O2/100mL of blood. Then resting VO2
is:
Example: HR 180bpm, SV
115mL/beat, oxygen extraction of
15mL o2/100mL blood.
Vo2 = (60bpm x 70mL/beat)
x (6mL o2/100ml blood)
= 252 mL o2/min

Divide by weight in kg = resting Vo2
Vo2Max = (180 bpm x 115mL/blood)
x (15 mL o2/100mL blood)
= 3,105 mL o2/min
Divide by weight in kg = 44.4
mL/kg/min
WHAT DOES THIS MEAN????????
Cardiovascular response to Exercise

Changes in Oxygen Delivery

Increase in HR and SV

WHY? In order to increase the delivery of oxygen to working muscles

HOW? Blood flow is shut off from the abdominal area to the exercising
muscles
 Vasodilation
of arterial vessels that go to muscles, vasoconstriction to
the abdominal area

SBP during exercise: blood pressure changes, it’s the contraction phase. So
better condition of the heart muscle (myocardium) the more efficient the
contraction.

Diastolic pressure during exercise: should stay the same of even decrease.

Why do we want these changes? Body’s way of trying to deliver more oxygen
to the exercising muscles. Get ATP to mitochondria!
Cardiovascular response to Exercise

Changes in Cardiac Output

In Response to aerobic training:
increased aerobic capacity (Vo2)

Increased aerobic capacity
causes:

Changes in Oxygen Extraction

1. New capillaries: produced in
the active skeletal muscles,
increasing area for oxygen
exchange

Importance? Leads to increase
in amount of aerobic enzyme
activity in the cell, more
efficient mitochondria!

1. decrease RHR (ventricles
hold more blood)

2. SV increases

3. Q is maintained at lower
HR

which increases: aerobic
capacity

4. heart beats fewer times

which increases: ability to
make ATP

2. increase in: Q
Cardiovascular response to Exercise

Increased maximum___Q__ + increased ___extraction
capability_____ =
 1. greater maximum aerobic capacity
 2.
elevated anaerobic threshold
 Ability to produce ATP = More “fit” client and greater
ability to burn fat

Submaximal exercise changes:
 Body uses more fatty acids for ATP production
 Stores more glycogen in trained muscles and produces
less lactic acid
Cardiovascular response to Exercise
REVIEW

Put a I if there is a increase, D if there is a decrease and NC if
there is no change during a single bout of exercise. Your
response is based on a healthy client.
a.
____ systolic blood pressure
b.
____ diastolic blood pressure
c.
____ blood flow to the abdominal area
d.
____ amount of peripheral resistance in the vascular system
e.
____ ATP production