CIS 2200
Kannan Mohan
Department of CIS
Zicklin School of Business, Baruch College
• Identify and describe the different types of software
• Describe distributed computing
• Describe open source software
• Explain cloud computing, its different types, and its
advantages and risks
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• A computer program or a collection of programs
• Precise set of instructions that tells hardware what to
do
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(IDC, 2014)
• Firmware
• Software stored on nonvolatile memory chips (as opposed to
being stored on devices such as hard drives or removable
discs)
• Embedded systems
• Special-purpose software designed and included inside
physical products (often on firmware)
• Helping devices become “smarter”
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• Desktop Software - Applications installed on a personal
computer, typically supporting tasks performed by a single user
• Enterprise software - Applications that address the needs of
multiple users throughout an organization or work group
• Types of Enterprise Software
ERP
A software package that integrates the many functions of a business
CRM
Systems used to support customer-related sales and marketing activities
SCM
Systems that can help a firm manage aspects of its value chain, from the
flow of raw materials into the firm, through delivery of finished products and
services at the point-of-consumption
BI
Systems that use data created by other systems to provide reporting and
analysis for organizational decision making
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• Graphical user interface
• Mechanisms through which users interact with the system
(menus, scroll bars)
• Databases – to manage data
• Database management system (DBMS)
• Software used for creating, maintaining, and manipulating
data
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• Web services
• Small pieces of code that are accessed via the application
server which permit interoperable machine-to-machine
interaction over a network
• Application programming interfaces (APIs)
• Programming hooks (or guidelines) published by firms that tell
other programs how to get a service to perform a task, such
as send or receive data
• Service-oriented architecture (SOA)
• A robust set of Web services built around an organizations
processes and procedures
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• EDI (Electronic Data Interchange)
• A set of standards for exchanging information between
computer applications
• A way to send the electronic equivalent of structured
documents between different organizations
• Extensible markup language (XML)
• A tagging language that can be used to structure data
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• Programming Languages
• Provides the standards, syntax, statements, and instructions
for writing computer software
• IDE (Integrated Development Environment)
• C++, C#, Visual Basic, and Java
• Development entails more than writing programs/code
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Different cost categories that comprise total cost of
ownership:
• Software development and
documentation
• Purchase price
• Ongoing license and support
fees
• Configuration
• Testing
• Deployment
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Maintenance
Support
Training
Compliance auditing
Security, backup
Provisions for disaster recovery
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• Low or zero marginal cost
• Open source software
• Software that is free and where anyone can look at and
potentially modify the code
• Questions facing big software firms
• How can we compete with free?
• How can we make money and fuel innovation on free?
• Cloud computing
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• Openness in stark contrast to the practice of conventional
software firms
• Intellectual property as closely guarded secrets
• Examples
• Linux, Apache, MySQL, Perl/Python/PHP (LAMP)
• Firefox
• OpenOffice
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• Moving software out of its own IS shop so that it is run on
someone else’s hardware
• Replacing computing resources with services provided over
the Internet
• Software as a service (SaaS)
• A form of cloud computing where a firm subscribes to a third-party
software and receives a service that is delivered online
• Utility computing – platform as a service, infrastructure as
a service
• Private and public clouds
• Virtualization
• Build vs. buy vs. rent
• Advantages
• Lower costs associated with the software licenses, server hardware, system
maintenance, and IT staff
• Faster deployment times
• Variable operating expense
• Scalable systems
• Higher quality and service levels
• Remote access and availability
• Usage-based pricing model
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• Dependence on a single vendor
• Concern about the long-term viability of partner firms
• Users may be forced to migrate to new versions
• Reliance on a network connection
• Data assets stored off-site - security and legal concerns
• Limited options
• Less rich user interface
• Pockets of unauthorized IT use throughout the organization
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• What is the difference between operating system and
application software?
• Identify different types of application software
• What is distributed computing?
• What is cloud computing? Different types of cloud computing?
• What is open source software?
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