Classifying Matter:
Substances & Mixtures
Lesson 1: Substances and Mixtures
Matter
What is matter
What is NOT Matter
 Types of energy: heat, light,
 Anything that has mass AND
takes up space
sound, electrical and
electromagnetic
 Solids, Liquids, Gases, and
Plasma
 Types of forces: gravitational
and magnetic
What is Matter Made of?
 All matter is made up of particles called Atoms.
 The different ways atoms combine with each other help us
identify different types of matter.
 Matter is organized into 2 main groups:
Pure Substances
2. Mixtures
1.
Pure Substances
 Matter with a composition that is always the same is a pure
substance.
 Pure substances can be:
Elements
Compounds
Elements
 Pure substance composed of a single type of atom.
 Elements cannot be separated into simpler substance by physical or
chemical means.
Compounds
Pure substances composed of two or more different elements
joined by chemical bonds.
 Made of elements in a specific ratio
that is always the same
 Has a chemical formula
 Can only be separated by
chemical means, not physically
Practice with types of substances:
elements and compounds
Explain which of these are elements and which are compounds:
1. Hydrogen
2. Water (H2O)
3. Carbon
4. Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Practice with elements and
compounds
Explain which of these are elements and which are compounds:
1. Hydrogen (H) ELEMENT
2. Water (H2O) COMPOUND
3. Carbon ( C) ELEMENT
4. Carbon Dioxide (CO2) COMPOUND
Molecules
 A MOLECULE is two or more atoms that are bonded
and act as a unit . . . .
 Examples are most compounds like H2O (water) , CO2
(carbon dioxide gas), CH4 (methane gas)
Mixtures
 A combination of two or more pure substances that are not




chemically combined.
substances held together by physical forces, not chemical
No chemical change takes place
Each item retains its properties
in the mixture
They can be separated physically
HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURES
 A mixture in which 2 or more substances are evenly mixed
but not bonded together. (Solution)
 You cannot see the different parts and therefore seem to be a
single substance.
 Ex:
 Salt water (liquid)
 Dry air: Oxygen & Nitrogen (gas)
 Brass- Zinc & Copper (solid)
HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURES
 A mixture in which 2 or more substances are not evenly mixed.
 Suspensions: the particles are much larger than solutions and eventually
settle out.
 Can be stirred or shaken to mix
 Ex:
salad dressing
blood
snow globe
HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURES
 Colloids: the particles are smaller than suspension but larger than
particles in a solution
 Particles do not settle out
 Ex: Clouds ,Whip cream ,Gelatin , Fog & Smoke, Paint ,Ink , Pearls,Opals
 Colloids can be distinguished from solutions using the Tyndall effect- a
beam of light passing through a solution is visible because light is reflected
or scattered by the particles in the colloid.
Can you identify the following?
You will be shown a series of photos. Tell if each photo
represents an item composed of an element, compound, or
mixture.
Review:
 An element contains just one type of atom.
 A compound contains two or more different atoms joined
together.
 A mixture contains two or more different substances that
are only physically joined together, not chemically.
 A mixture can contain both elements and compounds.
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Rocks
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Rocks
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Copper
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Copper
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Jelly Beans
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Jelly Beans
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Table Sugar
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Table Sugar
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Diamond
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Diamond
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Tea
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Tea
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Salt
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Salt
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Neon Gas
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Neon Gas
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Salad
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Salad
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Pure Water
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Pure Water
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Aluminum
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Aluminum
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Lemonade
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Lemonade
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Silver
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Silver
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Sand
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Sand
Notes
 Detailed notes are located at:
http://www.middleschoolscience.com/elements-compoundsmixtures-notes-isn.pdf
 Flow Chart:
http://www.middleschoolscience.com/matter-flow-chartisn.pdf