Accessory/
Helper
organs
Organs that help
the digestive
system
Help by producing
digestive juices
that contain
enzymes
Food DOES NOT
pass through these
organs
1. Salivary
Glands
• Several of glands that
secrete saliva into the
oral cavity
• Saliva contains water,
mucus, and enzyme
amylase.
• Functions: cleansing
action on the teeth.
• moistens & lubricates
food
• begins the chemical
digestion of starches
(amylase)
Liver
Stomach
Gall
bladder
Duodenum
Pancreas
2. Liver
Liver is:
• Largest internal
organ
• Produces bile
• Bile then travels
to the gall
bladder.
BILE
Big fat
droplet
Function of bile
Emulsification of fat
when bile breaks down
fats into smaller
droplets
3. Gall
Bladder
Function:
•Stores bile
•Sends bile to the
small intestine
through a duct
(tube)
4.Pancreas
Function:
•Secretes (releases)
pancreatic juice into
the small intestine
•Pancreatic juices
Consists of enzymes
that break down 3
main nutrients
proteins, fats, & carbs
5. Villi
•Tiny fingerlike
projections (folds)
on lining of small
intestine
The villi contain
blood vessels for
absorption of
nutrients into
bloodstream
Digested nutrients
move (are
absorbed) into the
bloodstream
By diffusion
Role in digestive
process:
•Increases surface
area for nutrient
absorption
(allows the small
intestine to absorb
more nutrients)
LAB activity
Read the poem and
answer the question at
the end.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=a6gChlcBDmQ
http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=58YNYqN6lko
Diarrhea
When too little water is
absorbed from the
Large Intestine
Frequently
caused by
infections or
stress
Can lead to
dehydration
Treatment:
If dehydration
occurs  drink
water
Medication
Constipation
Feces moves too
slow through
large intestine
because too
much water is
absorbed out of
the large
intestine
Results in
difficulty
egesting feces
Treatment:
Drink more
water
Eat more
roughage/fiber
Laxatives
Appendicitis
Infected appendix
that must be
removed
Gall stones
Build up of the
left over bile that
hardens over time
into stone-like
formations
Could interfere with
transport of
liquified bile to the
small intestine
Causes
pain/discomfort
Treatment: Removal by surgery
Hole in the lining of
the small intestine or
stomach.
Cause not definite
Stress is contributing
factor
What is vomit? It’s the mushed up, half digested food from
you stomach, mucus, saliva, acids, and other chemicals that
help digest food. For whatever reason, the muscles in your
abdomen contract and squeeze down on the stomach, then the
valve between your stomach and your esophagus opens, and the
stuff in your stomach starts to rise up.
• Did you know....
• An adult esophagus (also called gullet)
ranges from 10 to 14 inches in length,
and 1 inch in diameter
• We make 1 to 3 pints of saliva a day
• An adults stomach can hold
approximately 1.5 liters of material
• Food sloshing in the stomach can last 34 hours
• The stomach's wall is lined with three
layers of powerful muscles
• Did you know....
• The Average human being consumes
about 500kg of food per year.
• Within the colon, a typical person
harbors more than 400 distinct
species of bacteria
• On average, the stomach produces
2 liters of Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)
daily
• Did you know....
• A full grown horse’s coiled up intestines
are 89 feet long
• Food stays in your stomach for 2 to 3
hours
• Americans eat about 700 million pounds
of peanut butter.
• Americans eat over 2 billion pounds of
chocolate a year.
• In your lifetime, your digestive system
may handle about 50 tons!!
• Did you know....
• What you ate for breakfast,
that was not digested will
come out in about 48 hoursnormally.
• From intake to outlet, the
digestive tract is about thirty
feet long