6/2 Aim: What do you need
to know for the final?
Do Now: Write 2 multiple
choice questions with 4
possible answers that may be
on exam next week
Mountain that run along the
Pacific Coast
Sierra Nevada
Mountains farthest east near
Atlantic Coast
Appalachian Mountains
Land surrounded by water on 3
sides
peninsula
Land that blocked settlement
west
Rocky Mountains
- Holy wars between Christians
and Muslims over the city of
Jerusalem
- one of the causes of the age of
exploration (inspired Europeans
to learn again…)
crusades
Early theory about how people
arrived in North America during the
Ice Age over the Bering sea
Land Bridge Theory
Seafaring people from
Scandinavia believed to have
reached the Americas before
Columbus
Vikings
People who spread religion
missionaries
3 main reasons for exploration
God, gold and glory
Main reason Columbus explored
“new world”
Sought all water route to Asia for
spice trade
Exchange of foods, plants,
animals and diseases after
exploration
Columbian Exchange
Main reason people “settled” in
the new world
Fertile land, more opportunities,
better life
- 1st act of democracy in the
Americas
- Agreement of 41 men on
how to govern the Plymouth
Colony
Mayflower Compact
People that worked in
America for 5 – 7 yrs to pay
people back for their help
paying for their voyage to
America
Indentured Servants
Colonies with small farms and
fishing villages
New England Colonies
Colonies nicknamed “the
breadbasket” colonies
Middle colonies
Colonies that focused on large
plantations for its economy
Southern colonies
Founder of Georgia
James Ogelthorpe
Founded Rhode Island and
kicked out of the Massachusetts
Bay Colony
Roger Williams
Banished from the Mass. Bay
Colony for criticizing the church
and saying god spoke directly to
her
Anne Hutchinson
War between Britain and France
over the Ohio River Valley
French and Indian War
First plan to unite 13 colonies
that failed…..by Benjamin
Franklin
Albany Plan of Union
Treaty that ended the French and
Indian War
Treaty of Paris (1763)
Reasons for heavy taxation of
colonists
Debt from French and Indian War
Economic policy where colonies
exist for the benefit of the
mother country
Raw materials sent to mother
country in exchange for
manufactured goods
mercantilism
British law-making body
Parliament
Main Argument of colonists
No taxation without
representation
Colonists who supported
independence from Britain
Patriots
Colonists who remained loyal
to Britain during the American
Revolution
Loyalists
Another name for British
soldiers during the American
Revolution
Redcoats
As a result of the victory at
______________, France and
Spain helped the colonists
during the American
Revolution.
Battle of Saratoga
Restricted trade among the
colonists – they could only trade
with England – England main
market of goods
Navigation Acts
List of complaints against King
George III and justified reasons
for independence
Declaration of Independence
Led to Intolerable Acts or
Coercive Acts – Boston harbor
was closed etc.
Boston Tea Party
First constitution 1781 - 1787
Articles of Confederation
Showed weaknesses of the
Articles of Confederation
Shay’s Rebellion
Major weakness of the Articles
of Confederation
States had more power than
national government – weak
central government
Showed strength of national
government
Whiskey Rebellion
Federal and state
governments “share” power
- all powers not given to the
federal government are
“reserved” to the states
Federalism
All powers given to our
government NOT STATED in
the constitution
Implied Powers (unwritten
constitution)
Executive, Legislative and
Judicial
Separation of Powers
When the Supreme Court
declares laws constitutional or
not
Judicial Review
Name of supreme court case
that supported Judicial
Review
Marbury vs. Madison
Judicial Review is an example
of……
Checks and balances
Wrote Neutrality Proclamation
George Washington
- Expelled foreigners from
country
- forbid Americans from
criticizing the government
Alien and Sedition Acts (John
Adams)
Purchased the Louisiana
Territory and sent Louis and
Clark to explore it….
Thomas Jefferson
Kidnapping of American sailors
and forcing them to work on
their ships
Impressment
Stopped trade with all nations
Embargo Act
Stopped trade with only Britain
and France
Non-intercourse Act
A threat to all European powers
to stay out of the western
hemisphere or else…..
Monroe Doctrine
Period of strong nationalism
and unity for nation after War
of 1812 (second war for
independence)
Era of Good Feeling
President of the “common man”
Andrew Jackson
Firing government workers and
replacing them with your
supporters
Spoils system
Canceling a law
Nullification or nullify
a “city” area
Urban area
A “country” area (outside a
city)
Rural area
to break away from a country
secede
- Artificial waterway that
connected the Great Lakes to
NYC
- lowered price of goods and
main reason for the
development of NYC
Erie Canal
-Belief that the US had a right
to all the land from the
Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific
Ocean
- The US had a right to all of
North America
Manifest Destiny
Tax on imports
tariff
Reason people opposed
annexing Texas
Texans used slave labor
What did the US buy after buying
the Louisiana Territory?
Florida from Spain
Reason “Remember the Alamo”
was an important saying….
It motivated Texans to fight hard
for Texas independence
Belief that the US had a godly
right to all the land from the
Atlantic Ocean to Pacific Ocean
Nickname for people
participating in the California
Gold Rush
49er’s
Admitted Maine into country as a
free state and Missouri as a
slave state
Missouri Compromise of 1820
Admitted California as a free
state
Compromise of 1850
Repealed Missouri Compromise
of 1820
Kansas Nebraska Act
- Supreme Court Case that
allowed slavery in ALL territories
- repealed Missouri Compromise
and legalized Fugitive Slave Law
Dred Scott case
- Gave people the right to vote
to decide if they would be a
slave or free territory
- supported in the
Compromise of 1850 and
Kansas Nebraska Act
Popular sovereignty
People who wanted slavery to
end….
Ex. Harriet Tubman, Frederick
Douglas and John Brown
Abolitionists
- Network of abolitionist
homes that helped runaway
slaves reach the North and
Canada
- led by Harriet Tubman
Underground Railroad
Author of Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Harriet Beecher Stowe
- Freed all slaves in the
rebelling states (Confederacy)
in 1863)
- changed goal of Union
during the civil war to end
slavery
Emancipation Proclamation
Restricted African American
freedoms during Reconstruction
Black Codes
Abolished slavery in the U.S.
13th Amendment
Gave equality to all in the U.S.
14th Amendment
Gave all men the right to vote
15th Amendment
Stopped African American from
gaining rights under the 15th
Amendment
Literacy tests, poll taxes and
Grandfather Clause
Set up laws in the South that
supported segregation
(separating races)
Jim Crow Laws
Group of people that conflicted
with President Johnson and
believed in immediate equality of
races as well as punishing the
former Confederate states after
the Civil War
Radical Republicans