Cells Review guide:
1.ER – Transport, Rough ER – helps with proteinsynthesis, Smooth ER - helps
with lipid synthesis.
2. Cellular respiration
3. Proteinsynthesis
4. Makes ribosomes
5. Form cytoskeleton, gives shape to the cell, helps move organelles around.
Microtubules help during cell division (form spindle fibers)
6. Digestion - carry enzymes.
7. Packages, sorts and ships out proteins to different locations in the cell.
8. Replace ribosome with Centriole – helps during cell division.
Labels:
1 – Nucleus
2 – Microtubules
3 – Mitochondrion
4 – Rough ER
5 – Lysosome
6 - Microfilaments
7 – Vesicle, can also be peroxisome/Vacuole
8 – Ribosomes
9 – Smooth ER
10 – Cell membrane
11- Centriole
2. A. Cell
3. Phagocytosis –The transport of solids into the cell.
Pinocytosis – The transport of liquids into the cell.
Facilitated diffusion – The movement of molecules across the
cellmembrane with the concentration gradient with the help of membrane
proteins.
Exocytosis – The movement of molecules out of the cell.
4. Active – movement of molecules against the [ ] gradient, uses energy Endocytosis, exocytosis.
Passive – movement of molecules with the [ ] gradient, does not use
energy – diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion.
5. Double phosholipid layer with proteins. Has carbohydrate chains, it is
selectively permeable. Only allows certain molecules into or out of the
cell. The heads of the phosholipids are hydrophilic, the tails of the
phospholipids are hydrophobic.
It is referred to as being a fluid mosaic model.
6. Diffusion – Movement of molecules from a higher [ ] to a lower
[ ]. Osmosis – the movement of water from a higher [ ] to a lower
[ ] through a selectively permeable membrane.
7. Interphase – G1, S, G2 – Cell is getting ready to divide – Cell
Grows, DNA is replicated, proteins are made, centriole replicate.
Mitosis – Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis –
Cell divides into 2 identical daughter cells.
Interphase
DNA replicates
Metaphase
• Centrioles opp. sides
• chromos. line up at middle
Mitosis
Prophase
•Chromosomes condense … attached
at centromere
•Spindle apparatus begins to form;
Nucleoli disappear, nuclear membrane
disappear.
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis
Cell Division
Interphase
Cytokinesis
• Sister chromatids divide and
move to opposite sides of the cell.
Now known as chromosomes.
• New nuclear membranes
form; nucleoli appear, cell
membrane pinches in.
• Cytoplasm divides,
2 daughter cells .. Identical
to each other and parent cell
9. • Centrioles
– Appear as two dots located near the
nucleus.
– Forms spindle fibers during cell
reproduction (mitosis/meiosis).
– Microtubules form the spindle fibers
– centromeres of chromosome attach
here during cell division.
Chromatin
All the DNA/proteins in nucleus …
condenses to form chromosomes
during Mitosis
Chromatid
Sister chromatid
Chromosomes
Condensed
chromatin .. Either 2
sister chromatids or
1 chromatid
Nucleus
Sister chromatid
14 and 15. Mitosis – cell division process in all somatic (body cells)
forms 2 daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes
as the original cell. (Diploid
Diploid)
14 and 16. Meiosis – Cell division process that takes place in the reproductive
organs. Forms 4 daughter cells that have half of the number of chromosomes as
the original cell – will develop into sex cells or gametes (Diploid
Haploid)
17. Egg formation – Only one cell develops into the ovum (egg), the other 3 are
polar bodies and will disintegrate. (Oogenesis)
Sperm formation – All 4 cells will develop into sperm. (Spermatogenesis)
18. Hypertonic – The solution has a high concentration of solutes and a lower
concentration of water. Cells placed in hypertonic solutions will lose water
and shrink.
Hypotonic – The solution has a lower concentration of solutes and a higher
concentration of water. Cells place in a hypotonic solution will gain water,
swell and eventually burst (cytolysis).
Isotonic – The solution has the same amount of solutes as the cell’s cytoplasm.
Water will move in and out of the cell at the same rate and the cell will not
change – dynamic equilibrium has been reached.
1. Hypotonic – Water will move into the cell – swell and burst
2. Hypertonic – Water will leave the cell – shrink.
3. Isotonic – Cell will remain the same.
Interphase – D
Early prophase – A
Late prophase – F
Metaphase – C
Anaphase – E
Telophase – B