Essential Question:
Champion of
the
“Common Man”?
OR
“King”
Andrew?
The “Common Man’s”
Presidential Candidate
Jackson’s Opponents in 1824
John C. Calhoun
[SC]
Henry Clay
[KY]
John Quincy Adams
[MA]
William H. Crawford
[GA]
The Election of 1824:
A “Corrupt Bargain”?
The Election of 1824:
The “Corrupt Bargain”?
Popular
Vote
Electoral
Vote
Andrew
Jackson
43%
99
J.Q. Adams
31%
84
William
Crawford
13%
41
Henry Clay
13%
37
Candidate
Like Father
Like Son
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The Demise of
John Quincy Adams
• “Corrupt Bargain” plagues presidency
• Only 31% of popular support
• Nationalist system is blocked by
Jackson supporters in Congress
• Lacked charisma
• Unpopular support for Indian rights
• Signed “Tariff of Abominations” in 1828
1828 Election Results
Voting Requirements
in the Early 19c
Voter Turnout: 1820 - 1860
Why Increased Democratization?

White male suffrage increased

Party nominating committees.




Voters chose their state’s slate of Presidential
electors.
Rise of Third Parties.
Popular campaigning (parades, rallies, floats,
etc.)
Two-party system returned in the 1832:
 Dem-Reps  Natl. Reps.(1828)  Whigs
(1832)  Republicans (1854)
 Democrats (1828)
What were the clear limitations to the expanded equality?
Rachel Jackson
Final Divorce Decree
Jackson in Mourning for His Wife
“The Reign of King Mob seems triumphant.”
Marshall
-John
The New “Jackson Coalition”
1.
The Planter Elite in the
South
2.
People on the Frontier
3.
State Politicians – spoils
system
4.
Immigrants in the cities.
Andrew Jackson as President
The “Peggy Eaton Affair”
Van Buren replaces
Calhoun as successor.
MVB only member of
Both Cabinet and
“Kitchen Cabinet”
The Webster-Hayne Debate
Sen. Daniel
Webster
[MA]
Begins over land sales then shifts
to States’s Rights and Nullification
Sen. Robert
Hayne
[SC]
1830
Webster:
Liberty and Union, now and
forever, one and inseparable.
Jackson:
Our Federal Union—it must be
preserved.
Calhoun:
The Union, next to our liberty,
most dear.
1832 Nullification Crisis

1828 --> “Tariff of
Abominations”

1832 --> new tariff

South Carolina’s reaction?

Jackson’s response?

Clay’s “Compromise”
Tariff?

Result? Why significant?
Jackson’s Use of Federal Power
VETO
1830  Maysville Road project
in KY [state of his
political rival, Henry
Clay]
An 1832 Cartoon:
“King
Andrew”?
The National Bank Debate
Nicholas
Biddle
President
Jackson
Opposition to the 2nd B.U.S.
“Soft”
(paper) $
3
3
state bankers felt
it restrained their
banks from issuing
bank notes freely.
supported rapid
economic growth
& speculation.
“Hard”
(specie) $
3
3
3
felt that coin was
the only safe
currency.
didn’t like any bank
that issued bank
notes.
suspicious of
expansion &
speculation.
The “Monster” Is Destroyed!

1832  Jackson vetoed the
extension of the 2nd
National Bank of the
United States.

“pet banks” - Roger Taney

1836  the charter expired.

The Bank is Dead!
The Downfall of “Mother Bank”
1832 Election Results
Main
Issue?
Chief Justice Roger Taney
• John Marshall dies in
1835 after 32 years as
Chief Justice
• Jackson chooses friend
Roger Taney
• Charles River Bridge
v. Warren Bridge
(1837) general
happiness over rights of
contract and property
The Specie Circular (1836)
 “wildcat banks.”
 buy future federal
land only with gold or
silver.
 Jackson’s goal?
Results of the Specie Circular
$ Banknotes lose their value.
$ Land sales plummeted.
$ Credit not available.
$ Businesses began to fail.
$ Unemployment rose.
The Panic of 1837!
Indian Removal

1830  Indian Removal Act

Cherokee Nation v. GA (1831)
* “domestic dependent nation”

Worcester v. GA (1832)

Jackson:
John Marshall has made his
decision, now let him enforce
it!

Indian Intercourse Act (1834)
Indian Removal
Trail of Tears (1838-1839)
Jackson’s Professed “Love” for
Native Americans
The 1836 Election Results
Martin Van Buren
“Old Kinderhook”
[O. K.]
The Panic of 1837 Spreads Quickly!
Aroostook “War,” 1839
 Only war ever declared by a state. New
Brunswick vs. Maine.
 Cause: The expulsion of Canadian
lumberjacks in Aroostook by Maine officials.
 Congress called up 50,000 men and voted
for $10,000,000 to pay for the “war.”
 General Winfield Scott arranged a truce,
and border commission resolved the issue.
Maine Boundary Settlement,
1842