1. What gave the Jacksonians the edge in the
1828 election was their portrayal of Jackson as
A. An aristocratic gentleman in the mold of
Washington and Jefferson.
B. An intellectual, despite his limited formal
education.
C. A military hero determined to make the
United States a world power.
D. An authentic man of the common
people.
E. A strong diplomat able to represent
America abroad.
2. The first political party to hold a national
nominating convention was the
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Federalist Party
Republican Party
Democratic Party
Whig Party
Anti-Masonic Party
3. As the frontier expanded, the property
qualification to vote became almost
meaningless in the West because
A. So few owned land.
B. New ways had been found to keep the
common man from voting.
C. Land was so easily obtained.
D. So few on the frontier wanted to vote.
E. Frontiersmen did not involve themselves
in politics.
4. Jackson defended the “spoils
system” by saying that the system
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Insured the best qualified men would be placed
in important advisory positions.
Had been used successfully in Britain to
determine appointment of ministers.
Insured cooperation among the President and
his cabinet.
Policies would be established with greater
continuity and consistency.
Was democratic in that the duties of public
office were simple enough for any man of
intelligence to accomplish.
5. Arrange the following events in
chronological order
A) Webster-Hayne Debate
B) Missouri Compromise
C) “Corrupt Bargain”
D) “South Carolina Exposition”
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
C, B, A, D
D, B, C, A
B, C, D, A
C, A, B, D
B, A, C, D
6. The “Lowell System” refers to which
of the following?
A. Chattel slavery.
B. Employment of young women that were
housed in dormitories.
C. An early labor union founded by skilled
workers.
D. A business organization with limited
liability for its owners.
E. The development of worker’s
cooperatives.
Ms. Susan M. Pojer
Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY
Essential Question:
Champion of
the
“Common Man”?
OR
“King”
Andrew?
Voting Requirements
in the Early 19c
Voter Turnout:
1820 - 1860
Why Increased Democratization?
3
White male suffrage increased
3
Party nominating committees.
3
Voters chose their state’s slate of Presidential
electors.
3
Spoils system.
3
Rise of Third Parties.
3
3
Popular campaigning (parades, rallies, floats,
etc.)
Two-party system returned in the 1832
election:
 Dem-Reps  Natl. Reps.(1828)  Whigs
(1832)  Republicans (1854)
 Democrats (1828)
Jackson’s First
Hermitage Residence
First Known Painting
of Jackson, 1815
General Jackson
During the Seminole Wars
The “Common Man’s”
Presidential Candidate
Jackson’s Opponents
in 1824
Henry Clay
[KY]
John Quincy Adams
[MA]
William H. Crawford
[GA]
John C. Calhoun
[SC]
“Favorite Son Election of 1824”
Candidates supported not by political parties, but by their
sections or regions
South (most sectional)
-Compact theory (States’ rights over
natl. govt.)
-National govt. was the creation of
the states (states as final
authority)
KY / VA resolutions
Locke/Rousseau (philosophers)
North
-National govt. authority over the
states (final authority over the
states)
West
-Held balance of power (voted with
South or North)
“Corrupt Bargain”
Election
JQAdams / H. Clay
Results of the 1824 Election
A
“Corrupt
Bargain?”
Rachel Jackson
Intense mudslinging between 2 factions of Rep. Party
NR - JQA
DR - AJ
Final Divorce Decree
Jackson in Mourning for His Wife
1828 Election Results
The Center of Population in the
Country Moves WEST
Much support for Jackson came from west, south and
laborers on east coast - Common Man
Andrew Jackson - “Era of Common Man”
Sought to balance states’ rights and national power
“Revolution of 1828”
No social upheaval in change
of Power - like 1800
JQA - 1st sitting pres
removed since his father
in 1800
1. New political role for the
common man
2. Social revolution
-Man is a creature capable
of being perfected if the
evil forces in the world
are removed)
3. Reform movements begin
The New “Jackson Coalition”
3
3
3
3
The Planter Elite in the
South
People on the Frontier
State Politicians – spoils
system
Immigrants in the cities.
Jackson’s Faith
in the “Common Man”
3
3
3
Intense distrust of Eastern
“establishment,” monopolies, &
special privilege.
His heart & soul was with the
“plain folk.”
Belief that the common man was
capable of uncommon
achievements.
The Reign of “King Mob”
Andrew Jackson as President
Issues within his
Administration
The “Peggy Eaton Affair”
within his cabinet
•Jackson’s
Kitchen Cabinet
•Spoils System
Indian Removal
3
Jackson’s Goal?
3
1830  Indian Removal Act
3
3
3
Cherokee Nation v. GA (1831)
* “domestic dependent nation”
Worcester v. GA (1832)
Jackson:
John Marshall has made his
decision, now let him enforce
it!
The Cherokee Nation After 1820
Indian Removal
Trail of Tears (1838-1839)
Jackson’s Professed “Love” for
Native Americans
The Webster-Hayne Debate
Sen. Daniel
Webster
[MA]
Sen. Robert
Hayne
[SC]
1830
Webster:
Liberty and Union, now and
forever, one and inseparable.
Jackson:
Our Federal Union—it must be
preserved.
Calhoun:
The Union, next to our liberty,
most dear.
1832 Tariff Conflict
3
1828 --> “Tariff of
Abomination”
3
1832 --> new tariff
3
South Carolina’s reaction?
3
Jackson’s response?
3
Clay’s “Compromise”
Tariff?
Clay sought to ram renewal of charter through, make it an election of 1832
issue. Put Jackson in a pickle. Jackson used Veto
Jackson’s Use of Federal Power
VETO
1830 - used veto for Maysville Road
project in KY [state of his political rival,
Henry Clay]
Used veto 12 times
The National Bank Debate
Nicholas
Biddle
President
Jackson
Opposition to the 2nd B.U.S.
“Soft”
(paper) $
3
3
state bankers felt
it restrained their
banks from issuing
bank notes freely.
supported rapid
economic growth
& speculation.
“Hard”
(specie) $
3
3
3
felt that coin was
the only safe
currency.
didn’t like any bank
that issued bank
notes.
suspicious of
expansion &
speculation.
The “Monster” Is Destroyed!
3
3
3
3
“pet banks”?
1832  Jackson vetoed the
extension of the 2nd
National Bank of the
United States.
1836  the charter expired.
1841  the bank went
bankrupt!
The Downfall of “Mother Bank”
An 1832
Cartoon:
“King
Andrew”?
1832 Election Results
Main
Issue?
The Specie Circular (1836)
3 “wildcat banks.”
3 buy future federal
land only with gold or
silver.
3 Jackson’s goal?
3Destroy BUS
Results of the Specie Circular
$ Banknotes loose their value.
$ Land sales plummeted.
$ Credit not available.
$ Businesses began to fail.
$ Unemployment rose.
The Panic of 1837!
The 1836 Election Results
Martin Van Buren
“Old Kinderhook”
[O. K.]
The Panic of 1837 Spreads Quickly!
Andrew Jackson in Retirement
Photo of Andrew Jackson in 1844
(one year before his death)
1767 - 1845
1836 – Texas - Abandoned with purchase of Florida – 1819
1823 – Stephen Austin granted Texas
friction existed between Mexico and Texas over slavery,
immigration, & local rights.
1835 – Santa Anna outlawed local rights
1836 - Texas declared Independent
Santa Anna tried to exert control.
Goliad = 342, Alamo
Sam Houston’s army victorious at San Jacinto
Some wanted annexation – became Independent Republic
of Texas
Panic of 1837
Treasury Bill of 1840
Creates Independent Treasury System
National Republicans (1828 - 1830s)
John Quincy Adams / Henry Clay
Opposition to Jackson / For American System
Liberty (1840 & 1844)
First anti-slavery party (James G. Birney)
Abolition of slavery by political and legal means
Free Soil (1848)
Whigs & Liberty Party members (MVB)
Prevent extension of slavery in West / Free Homesteads
“Free Soil, Free Speech, Free Labor, Free Men!”
American (“Know-Nothing”) (1850s)
Millard Fillmore
Opposition to immigrants and Catholics