SNC2D
The Integumentary System
 Made up of skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, scent glands and
sebaceous (oil) glands
 Sweat glands secret sweat; evaporation of sweat cools the
body when it is overheated.
 Oil glands produce oils that lubricate, waterproof, and help
skin infections. A plugged oil gland looks like a blackhead
The Digestive System
 Digestive system transports nutrients through the body by
the absorption of nutrients
 Absorption is the process by which food that has already
been broken down passes through the walls of the intestine
into the bloodstream
 Absorption mainly takes place in the small intestine
The Digestive System
 The process of digestion is as follows:
 Mouth – teeth, tongue and saliva
 Esophagus – “peristalsis” – movement of food in rythmic
waves
 Stomach – physical digestion through churning action and
mixing with digestive juices such as acid and enzymes
 Liver – secretes bile into the intestine, which breaks up fat
and helps with absorption
 Pancreas – secrets insulin to break down sugars
 Intestines – reabsorbs water, absorbs nutrients through large
surface area
 Rectus and Anus – storage of waste materials until
elimination occurs
The Respiratory System
 Function is to obtain oxygen and release carbon
dioxide
 Oxygen is needed for carrying out life processes of the
cell as well as for breaking down food to produce
energy
 When you inhale through your mouth or nose, your rib
cage rises and your diaphragm contracts and moves
downward to increase the size of your chest cavity
while decreasing the air pressure in the cavity
The Respiratory System
 When you exhale, your rib cage lowers and your
diaphragm relaxes and moves upward, decreasing the
size of your chest cavity.
The Respiratory System
The Respiratory System
 How It Works:
• When you breathe in air through your nose and mouth,
the air passes through the pharynx (throat) into your
trachea.
• Air moves down the trachea to the bronchus, into smaller
bronchial tubes, and then into tiny air sacs, called alveoli.
• The alveoli are surrounded by thin-walled blood vessels
called capillaries. Each lung contains about 150 million
alveoli.
• Oxygen travels from the alveoli through the capillaries
into the blood.
The Circulatory System
 The circulatory system is the blood’s transportation
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system
The circulatory system includes the heart, blood, and
blood vessels called arteries, veins and capillaries.
The heart acts as a pump to transport and regulate the
flow of blood through a series of blood vessels.
Arteries carry blood away from the heart
Veins carry blood back to the heart. Veins contain
valves that stop blood from flowing backward.
Network of capillaries connects veins and arteries
The Circulatory System
 Oxygen and carbon dioxide flow in and out of the
capillaries, which are one cell thick.
 If blood has more oxygen than tissues, oxygen will be
moved, or “diffused” across the capillary walls into the
tissues.
 Carbon dioxide and other wastes “diffuse” from the
tissues to the capillaries
 Blood brings the carbon dioxide to the lungs
Aorta
Superior
Vena Cava
Pulmonary
Vein
Pulmonary Artery
Into the left
Atrium from the
Pulmonary Veins
Right
Atrium
Left
Ventricle
Inferior
Vena Cava
Right Ventricle
The Circulatory System
 http://www.sciencesource2.ca/resources/SS_active_art
/active_art/SEinteractive_gr10_ch02_pg70/index.html
The Excretory System
 Filters waste products from the blood
 Maintains proper levels of water and electrolytes in
the body
 This system consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary
bladder, urethra, and skin
 When blood flows through your kidneys, waste is
removed by filters called nephrons. This waste is called
urine
 The urine travels from the kidneys down the ureters to
the bladder where it is stored until elimination, which
occurs through the urethra.
The Excretory System
 The skin is part of this system because it excretes waste
through sweat
Possible Discomforts
 GOUT – body accumulates more than usual amount
of uric acid which gets stored in parts of body such as
toe joints. Kidney stones can also form due to gout.
 Urinary Tract Infection (UTIs) – This is caused by
bacteria in the urethra blocking the flow of urine
The Endocrine System
(info not found in textbook)
 This system regulates mood, growth and development,
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metabolism as well as reproductive processes
Often works together with nervous system
This system includes hormones and glands
Hormone levels can become unbalanced by factors
such as stress or infection
Gland is a group of cells that produces chemicals as
well. A gland selects and removes materials from the
blood, changes these materials and use them
somewhere else in the body
The Lymphatic System
(info not found in textbook)
 The main purpose of this system is to protect your
body against disease
 LYMPH is a colourless fluid containing white blood
cells
 Lymph circulates through the body coating cells in
nutrients and oxygen while collecting harmful
materials.
 Lymph nodes are small nodules which act as filters to
trap unwanted substances in the lymph. They also
produce more white blood cells.
The Reproductive System
 ASK YOUR PARENTS
You will learn about the
skeletal, muscle, nervous, and
organ systems during your
computer lab on Friday
TASK:
Create 5 questions, puzzles, bonus questions,
ANYTHING for EACH of the following information:
Section 1.3: Cell Specialization and Regeneration
Section 2.1: Organs in Plant and Animals
Section 2.2: Organ Systems in Plant and Animals
Tomorrow will be a review work period!