Chemistry Mid-term Review
Safety and Data collection and analysis
Topics:
Safety, laboratory equipment, making measurements with graduated
cylinders, scientific method, reading graphs, reading data tables,
conversions, significant figures, calculate percent error
Sample Questions:
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Explain the proper method for diluting a concentrated acid.
Explain the proper method for heating material in a test tube.
A student measured the mass of a metal sample to be 23.1 g. The actual mass
was 25.0 grams. What is the percent error?
A student determined the yield to an experiment to be 0.956 g. The actual
yield was 1.000g. What is the percent error?
Look at your equipment page in your notes, which piece of laboratory
equipment is best used to transport a hot crucible? Which piece of
equipment is best used to hold a test tube? Which piece of equipment is best
used to measure 15.2 mL of water?
Diagram the laboratory burner and indicate the hottest part of the flame.
State the difference between the independent and the dependent variable.
How may variables can be altered in one experiment.
What is the significance of repeated trials?
Convert 78 mg to g. Convert 759 mm to km.
How many significant figures are there in the measurement 0.0034 kg?
How many significant figures are there in the measurement 40500 mg?
What is the measurement 111.009 mm rounded to four significant figures?
What is the measurement 1042 L rounded to two significant figures?
Express the sum of 111 km and 222 km using the correct number of
significant figures.
Express the sum of 7.68 m and 5.0 m using the correct number of significant
figures.
Express the product of 2.2 mm and 5.00 mm using the correct number of
significant digits.
Express the product of 4.0 x 10 -2 and 8.1 x 102 using the correct number of
significant figures.
What is the density of an object having a mass of 8.0 g and a volume of 25
mL?
Atomic Structure
Topics:
Counting protons, neutrons, electrons, calculating mass number and
average atomic mass, isotopes, nuclear equations and half-life, History
of the atomic theory, electron configurations ground state vs. excited
state.
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What is the name of the current atomic theory?
What atomic particle has no charge?
An atom that contains 4 protons, 4 neutrons and 4 electrons has a mass
number of_________________.
Define isotope.
Write the electron configuration for magnesium both in the ground state and
in the excited state.
Carbon-12, Carbon-13 and Carbon-14 are examples of __________.
What is the significance of the Heisenberg Uncertainty principle?
What is the name of Thomson’s model?
What is the name of Rutherford’s model?
State the points of Dalton’s theory.
What is the average atomic mass of Chromium if Chromium-50 has an
abundance of 4.31%, Chromium-52 has an abundance of 83.76%, Chromium53 has an abundance of 9.55% and the remainder is Chromium-54?
List the number of protons, neutrons and electrons for 192Ir.
An isotope of Germanium has a half-life of 36 hours. What fraction of a
sample will remain after 15 days?
If you start with 5.80 x 1028 atoms of an isotope of plutonium, how many will
remain after 2.96 x 106 years if the half-life is 3.70 x 105 years.
If the half-life of Gadolinium is 25 minutes and one ends up with 500 g after
2.5 hours, how much did you have in the beginning?
The Periodic table and Properties of Matter
Topics:
Groups and periods or series, valence electrons, oxidation numbers,
trends of the table, chemical change or physical change, chemical
properties or physical properties, Enthalpy of fusion and vaporization,
Specific heat.
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List three physical properties.
List three chemical properties.
List three physical changes.
List three chemical changes.
Define Enthalpy of fusion and Enthalpy of vaporization.
How many valence electrons are in the following atoms: B, I?
What is the most likely oxidation number for aluminum? For lithium?
Within a group of elements, as the atomic number increases the atomic
radius tends to_______________.
What is the trend for electron affinity within any group? Within a period?
What element has the highest electronegativity?
Which element has the higher electronegativity, B or O?
Which element has the largest radius, Li or K?
The electron configuration of a certain element ends with 5p4, identify the
element and give the number of valence electrons.
Group 2 elements have _________ valence electrons and an oxidation number
of _______________.
State the law of conservation of energy.
How much heat is lost when a hot piece of copper metal with a mass of 1260
g cools from 280.00C to 25.00C? The specific heat of copper is 0.3845J/g0C.
When 100.0 J of heat are added to 2.00 grams of water at 20.0 0C, what is the
final temperature of the water?
Chemical reactions and formulas
Topics:
Nomenclature, writing formulas, polyatomic ions, acid names, organic
names, types of reactions, balancing equations.
Sample questions:
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Write the formula for copper (I) chloride.
Write the formula for lead (IV) oxide.
Write the formula for carbon dioxide.
Write the formula for dinitrogen trioxide.
Write the formula with the charge for carbonate, sulfate, hydroxide, and
ammonium.
Write the name for CuNO3.
Write the name for NiCl2.
Give the stock name and molecular name for PCl3.
Give the name for SiO
Give the name for the first four alkanes.
Write the name and formulas for the 5 acids you are required to know.
What is a neutralization reaction? What are the products of a neutralization
reaction?
What is a precipitate? How do you show a precipitate in a reaction?
Balance the following equations and state the type of reaction:
Cr + Fe(NO3)2  Fe + Cr(NO3)3
NH3 + O2  N2 + H2O
AlCl3 + NaOH  Al(OH)3 + NaCl
C3H7OH + O2  CO2 + H2O
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Write the following equation in symbols, balance and state the type of
reaction:
Iron and chlorine react to yield Iron (III) chloride
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Complete the following reaction in words, write it in symbols, balance and
state the type of reaction:
Magnesium and hydrochloric acid reacts to yield …