Ecology is the study of
re
an
im
al
s.
ee
...
ge
.
pl
d
an
an
ts
be
tw
an
ch
la
tio
ns
lim
at
e
an
lc
ob
a
gl
hi
ps
im
al
s.
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
an
ts
.
5.
plants.
animals.
global climate change.
relationships between
organisms and their
environment.
plants and animals.
pl
1.
2.
3.
4.
An environmentally sustainable
society
se
lo
ft
he
al
th
e
ne
ed
s
an
of
ct
..
pe
pr
os
ee
ts
m
sw
er
s.
it.
..
.
..
of
i
th
e
s
ec
t
pr
ot
fie
s
th
e
ne
ed
s
on
om
...
ec
its
tis
5.
sa
4.
es
3.
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
an
ag
2.
manages its economy and
population size without doing
irreparable environmental harm.
satisfies the needs of its people
by harvesting without depleting
Earth's capital.
protects the prospects of future
generations of humans and
other species.
meets the needs of its people
without jeopardizing the needs
of future generations.
all of these answers.
m
1.
All of the following illustrate
exponential growth except
...
pu
l
at
io
s
vi
ng
po
sa
ct
er
ia
a
ba
in
y
on
e
m
n
...
o.
.
fo
r
m
10
in
g
dr
iv
po
m
an
ph
tio
n
gr
...
e.
..
pu
la
pr
om
is
ho
w
hu
ki
ng
4.
5.
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
e
2.
3.
the king who promised to double
the number of grains of wheat
he put on each successive
square of a checkerboard.
human population growth.
driving 10 mph for one minute;
then 20 mph for one minute;
then 30 mph for one minute;
then 40 mph for one minute.
money in a savings account.
bacteria population growth.
th
1.
Most of the environmental
problems we face are
re
a
ri
nc
ith
e
ne
si
n.
..
nt
i..
.
...
po
ne
ex
e
ar
cr
ea
si
ng
po
n
ex
g
de
si
n
en
tia
ea
lin
cr
ea
in
de
cr
ea
si
n
si
ng
g
lin
ea
rly
rly
.
.
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
cr
ea
5.
increasing linearly.
decreasing linearly.
increasing exponentially.
decreasing
exponentially.
are neither increasing
nor decreasing.
in
1.
2.
3.
4.
The market value in dollars of goods and
services produced in a country for use within
a year is the
1. gross national
product.
2. gross domestic
product.
3. per capital GNP.
4. per capita GDP.
5. gross growth
product.
.
pr
od
th
gr
ow
gr
os
s
pe
uc
t
DP
.
G
P.
ap
ita
rc
lG
N
t.
pe
rc
ap
ita
pr
od
uc
tic
m
es
do
s
gr
os
gr
os
s
na
tio
na
l
pr
od
uc
t.
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
Which of the following generalizations
about developing countries is true?
Th
ey
us
ar
e
hi
g
ab
e
...
us
hl
y
ou
t
12
in
d
%
..
...
US
A
e
th
ey
Th
Th
ey
ha
in
cl
ve
ud
e
hi
gh
av
er
...
t..
.
ou
ab
up
e
ey
5.
Th
4.
m
ak
3.
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
ey
2.
They make up about one-tenth
of the world's population.
They have high average GNPs
per person.
They include the USA, Canada,
Japan, the former Soviet Union,
and European countries.
They use about 12% of the
world's resources.
They are highly industrialized.
Th
1.
Which of the following statements
about developed countries is true?
to
m
o.
p
..
r im
Th
ey
ar
ily
te
nd
in
...
to
Th
be
ey
hi
us
gh
e
l..
ab
.
ou
te
ig
ht
y.
..
t..
.
ou
ab
lo
w
up
Th
ey
ha
ar
e
ve
e
ey
5.
Th
4.
m
ak
3.
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
ey
2.
They make up about one-fifth
of the world's population.
They have low to moderate
GNPs per person.
They are primarily in Africa,
Asia, and Latin America.
They tend to be highly
agricultural.
They use about eighty five
percent of the world's
resources.
Th
1.
20%
20%
20%
90
20%
70
20%
60
50
60
70
80
90
50
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
80
About ____% of the world's human
population lives in the developing countries.
Which of the following is not a
renewable resource?
groundwater
trees in a forest
fertile soil
oil
crops
tr
ee
fe
l
oi
op
s
cr
rti
le
so
t
s
in
a
fo
re
s
at
er
nd
w
il
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
gr
ou
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Use of a natural resource based
on sustainable yield applies to
1. renewable
resources.
2. nonrenewable
resources.
3. perpetual resources.
4. amenity resources.
5. recycling.
ty
g.
lin
cy
c
re
ur
ce
.
re
so
ou
rc
es
en
i
am
rp
e
tu
a
lr
es
u.
..
s.
pe
ew
ab
le
re
so
rc
e
ou
re
s
nr
en
ab
le
no
ne
w
re
s.
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
Which of the following best describes the
concept of environmental degradation?
er
s.
o.
.
ll
o
sw
an
se
ft
he
ul
tu
ra
l
ag
r ic
g
tti
n
le
A
w
fo
r
es
tr
e
g
tti
n
ru
n
oo
d.
ga
e
m
ak
lt
o
oi
cu
in
g
..
s.
..
..
at
.
ow
er
la
rp
us
5.
so
4.
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
in
g
2.
3.
using solar power at a rapid
rate
using oil to make gasoline
cutting trees for wood
products
letting agricultural runoff
cause oxygen depletion and
fish kills downstream
All of these answers.
us
1.
Which of the following statements best
illustrates the tragedy of the commons?
d
ca
a.
.
cr
e
n
de
nd
la
n
C
ro
p
d
at
e
ca
...
...
cr
op
la
s
iti
e
tiv
Irr
ig
ac
m
e
So
ha
po
llu
of
ls
ve
le
m
e
rm
ti.
.
.
ri.
.
a
llu
te
s
po
5.
So
4.
ct
or
y
3.
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
fa
2.
A factory pollutes a river as
much as the law allows.
Some levels of pollution are
life threatening.
Some activities harm the
environment, but others do
not.
Irrigated cropland can be
ruined by salinization.
Cropland can decrease
biodiversity.
A
1.
Resources that are called
nonrenewable
..
d
le
cy
c
re
or
re
.
an
d.
..
..
be
n
ca
cl
ud
e
fe
rt
ile
ec
of
le
in
pa
b
ca
so
il
on
s
rc
e
ou
re
s
ar
e
on
ly
om
th
..
.
rp
et
..
pe
d
lle
e
ar
5.
ca
4.
al
so
3.
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
e
2.
are also called perpetual
resources.
are only resources that are
alive.
are capable of economic
depletion.
include fertile soil and clean
water.
can be recycled or reused.
ar
1.
When a resource is
economically depleted, we can
1. recycle or reuse
existing supplies.
2. waste less.
3. develop substitutes.
4. All of these answers.
5. None of these
answers.
of
th
es
e
s.
an
sw
er
er
s.
an
se
e
on
A
sw
ut
es
.
su
lo
p
ve
ft
he
bs
tit
te
as
w
de
ll
o
N
re
cy
c
le
or
re
us
e
ex
is
le
ti.
.
ss
.
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
Effects of pollution might include
er
s.
...
ft
he
se
an
sw
an
d
ke
s
la
ll
o
in
ki
h
fis
re
a
d
lls
of
di
se
as
e
ed
du
c
sp
A
de
fro
.
..
s.
..
t..
e
se
to
le
id
ra
in
-in
ab
5.
ac
4.
un
3.
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
in
g
2.
being unable to see the top
of skyscrapers because of
the smog.
acid rain-induced destruction
of a statue in your city park.
spread of disease from an
open dump.
fish kills in lakes and
streams.
All of these answers.
be
1.
Point sources of pollution include
all of the following except
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
au
to
m
ob
a
ile
fa
ta
ct
ilp
or
ip
y
a
e.
sm
dr
ok
ai
np
es
ip
ta
e
ck
fr
.
om
ru
no
a
ff
p.
fr
..
om
ru
no
cr
ff
op
fr
la
om
nd
a
.
st
oc
ky
ar
d.
4.
5.
an automobile tailpipe.
a factory smokestack.
a drainpipe from a
power plant.
runoff from cropland.
runoff from a stockyard.
an
1.
2.
3.
Nonpoint sources of pollution
include all of the following except
fro
ze
m
rr
a.
un
..
ru
of
no
ff
ro
ff
m
fr
om
...
a
cr
op
la
nd
.
rd
.
rti
li
fe
a
sm
ok
es
t
a
ac
k
st
oc
k
ya
d.
..
er
se
ff
fr
om
di
sp
s
ru
no
5.
id
e
4.
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
st
ic
2.
3.
pesticides dispersed by
airplane and wind onto
a crop.
runoff from a stockyard.
a smokestack from a
power plant.
fertilizer runoff from
lawns.
runoff from a cropland.
pe
1.
ra
d
de
g
of
te
ra
at
io
n
at
ur
e
al
n
in
em
ic
or
ig
ch
co
nc
en
tr
at
io
n
pe
rs
is
te
nc
e
Which of the following is not important in
determining the damage produced by a
pollutant?
1. concentration
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
2. persistence
3. origin
4. chemical nature
5. rate of
degradation
Pollution cleanup efforts can be
ineffective because
sw
e
th
es
of
e
on
N
s.
an
an
se
ft
he
sw
er
er
s.
...
he
A
ll
o
be
ov
e
rw
ar
e
s
ca
n
th
ey
po
ce
d.
..
o.
..
er
p
llu
ta
nt
ns
f
tr
a
n
on
4.
5.
of
te
3.
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
ey
2.
they often transfer pollutants
from one part of the environment
to another.
once pollutants are dispersed, it
costs too much to reduce them
to acceptable levels.
they can be overwhelmed by
growth in population and
consumption.
All of these answers.
None of these answers.
th
1.
na
b
ili
t
y;
c
ul
tu
ra
l
ty
bi
li
in
a
us
ta
su
st
ai
co
ra
l;
s
y;
e
cu
ltu
ili
t
na
b
st
ai
su
no
m
ic
n.
..
ec
h
y;
t
ili
t
na
b
st
ai
su
te
ch
no
lo
g
y;
su
st
ai
na
b.
..
Because the environment and economy are intimately
linked, improving the environmental quality is good for the
economy. Thus, the ____ revolution is also a(an) ____
revolution.
1. technology;
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
sustainability
2. sustainability;
technology
3. sustainability; economic
4. cultural; sustainability
5. sustainability; cultural
Which of the following
categories includes the others?
od
fo
l
ca
p
ita
s
rc
e
an
uf
ac
tu
re
d
re
m
ec
on
om
ic
tu
ra
l
re
s
so
u
ou
la
rc
e
bo
r
s
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
na
1. labor
2. natural resources
3. economic
resources
4. manufactured
capital
5. food
If price, supply, and demand are the only
factors involved, the demand and supply
curves
es
s.
an
th
a
sw
er
t..
.
...
th
es
e
lin
N
on
e
of
gh
t
st
ra
i
e
ar
te
rs
e
ct
at
th
e
of
e
al
s
in
m
ac
ar
ke
...
..
o.
h
ea
c
ip
ro
c
lt
o
e
re
c
al
le
ar
5.
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
pa
r
4.
run parallel to each other.
are reciprocals of each other.
intersect at the market
equilibrium.
are straight lines that run in
opposite directions.
None of these answers.
ru
n
1.
2.
3.
Environmentally sustainable
development focuses on
ax
im
iz
n.
..
tio
in
g
llu
po
llu
tio
n
...
..
w
po
iz
in
g
m
m
in
im
in
g
th
e
na
t
ax
im
iz
th
e
m
flo
io
n.
.
...
po
at
in
g
m
an
hu
im
in
el
lin
g
4.
5.
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
nt
ro
l
2.
3.
controlling human population
size and resource use so
carrying capacity is not
exceeded.
eliminating the national debt.
maximizing the flow of matter
and energy resources.
minimizing pollution costs.
maximizing pollution costs.
co
1.
Realistically, our goal for most pollutants
should not be zero pollution because
sw
N
on
e
of
th
es
e
se
ft
he
ll
o
A
s.
an
an
es
ss
in
e
bu
s
sw
er
..
w
ou
s.
..
dl
e
m
e
so
er
s.
.
ca
n
ha
n
co
st
ly
to
o
is
tu
re
4.
5.
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
it
3.
it is too costly.
nature can handle some
of the pollution.
some businesses would
go bankrupt.
All of these answers.
None of these answers.
na
1.
2.
Which of the following is not a strategy recommended by
ecological environmental economists to help make the
transition to a more sustainable eco-economy?
1. find resource
substitutes
2. use eco-labeling
3. use subsidy shifting
4. utilize tax shifting
5. sell services instead
of things
es
vi
c
se
ll
se
r
ut
te
a
d
o.
..
g
in
s
sh
ift
in
ta
x
ili
z
e
id
y
bs
su
e
ift
in
g
sh
be
l
ola
ec
e
us
us
fin
d
re
s
ou
rc
e
su
bs
t
i..
.
in
g
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
All of the following are environmental
indicators of quality of life except
s.
sw
er
e
th
es
of
N
on
e
at
io
tn
an
uc
t.
..
..
ro
d
na
lp
lo
p
ve
de
ne
m
an
hu
m
en
t.
lp
...
...
s
na
tio
na
in
d
s
re
s
ro
s
al
g
pr
og
5.
re
4.
in
e
3.
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
nu
2.
genuine progress
indicator (GPI).
real gross national
product (real GNP).
human development
index (HDI).
net national product
(NNP).
None of these answers.
ge
1.
All of the following are internal
costs of an automobile except
1. maintenance and
repair.
2. gasoline
3. pollution and health.
4. raw materials and
labor.
5. oil.
at
er
ia
l
s
m
w
l.
oi
or
.
an
d
he
d
an
tio
n
la
b
al
th
.
lin
e
so
ga
po
llu
ra
m
ai
nt
en
an
ce
an
d
re
pa
ir.
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
All of the following behaviors would increase
the external costs of operating a car except
ct
in
g
ro
th
w
in
e
ai
g
r..
a
ci
.
bl
g
ar
ar
et
in
te
g
th
b.
e
..
ra
di
o
tu
at
ni
a.
ng
..
th
ha
e
m
vi
ot
ng
or
an
.
ac
ci
de
nt
.
th
4.
5.
ne
3.
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
sc
on
2.
disconnecting the air
pollution control system.
throwing a cigarette butt
out the window.
blaring the radio at a
stoplight.
tuning the motor.
having an accident.
di
1.
External costs of owning a car are paid
for by all of the following except higher
1. taxes.
2. health insurance
premiums.
3. prices.
4. health costs.
5. None of these
answers.
sw
er
an
e
th
es
of
e
on
s.
.
st
s
co
es
al
th
he
pr
ic
N
he
al
th
in
s
ur
an
ce
ta
pr
...
.
xe
s.
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
Internalizing external costs
s.
sw
er
an
th
es
e
ch
an
c
e
ta
x
th
e
of
e
on
N
in
cr
ea
se
s
th
e
co
st
s
of
th
e
de
cl
u
om
its
in
to
ils
f..
es
.
..
co
...
th
e
in
g
m
ak
fa
5.
es
3.
4.
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
vo
lv
2.
involves making the market
price approach the true cost
of an economic good.
fails to include the cost of
pollution.
omits the costs of taxes.
increases the chance for
environmental degradation.
None of these answers.
in
1.
A drawback to implement
environmental taxes and fees is
ffi
c
di
is
it
te
c
de
to
ul
t
ily
as
ot
e
t..
.
m
...
be
ad
in
c
e.
..
...
id
e
nn
ca
no
tp
ro
v
fu
llc
es
do
co
en
os
t
m
...
co
ur
a
ge
s
lo
w
-in
es
5.
liz
4.
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
na
2.
3.
penalizes low-income groups
unless safety nets are provided
encourages full-cost pricing
does not provide incentives to
business to do better and save
money
cannot easily be administered
by existing tax agencies
it is difficult to detect cheaters
pe
1.
Most studies of the effects of environmental
regulation on U.S. businesses indicate they
have
1. discouraged efficient
use of resources.
2. encouraged
innovative products.
3. decreased profits.
4. increased costs.
5. increased profits.
its
.
se
d
pr
of
st
s.
co
cr
ea
in
cr
ea
d
in
se
cr
ea
de
se
d
pr
of
its
at
i..
no
v
in
ge
d
ur
a
co
en
di
sc
ou
ra
g
ed
ef
fic
ie
n
...
.
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
The Environmental Performance
Index (EPI) measures
ou
tp
u
ta
l
to
...
oo
ds
to
fg
ou
rc
e
re
s
le
na
b
st
ai
...
..
st
e
lif
e
of
su
al
ity
qu
in
ra
te
e.
ad
..
...
en
in
te
g
e
to
tiv
ab
ili
ty
al
te
rn
a
5.
of
4.
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
te
3.
rate of alternative energy use
ability to integrate economic and
human development with sound
natural resource management
quality of life instead of
economic growth
sustainable resource use within
a country
total output of goods and
services of a nation over a oneyear period.
ra
1.
2.
Knowing that our understanding of nature
and the consequences of our actions is quite
limited is a demonstration of ____.
...
le
ju
s
ta
l
m
en
pr
in
vi
ro
n
en
e
Th
e
Th
ci
p
.
tio
n
pr
i..
pr
ev
au
pr
ec
e
Th
en
tio
n
ar
y
pr
in
ty
bi
li
rs
i
re
ve
e
Th
c.
..
e
ip
l
pr
in
c
y
m
ili
t
hu
4.
5.
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
e
3.
The humility principle
The reversibility
principle
The precautionary
principle
The prevention principle
The environmental
justice principle
Th
1.
2.
When substantial evidence indicates that an activity threatens human
health or the environment, take measure to prevent or reduce such
harm, even if some of the cause-and-effect relationship are not fully
established scientifically. This is an example of ____.
...
le
ju
s
ta
l
m
en
pr
in
vi
ro
n
en
e
Th
e
Th
ci
p
.
tio
n
pr
i..
pr
ev
en
tio
n
au
pr
ec
e
Th
e
Th
ar
y
pr
in
tiv
e
gr
a
in
te
hu
m
ili
t
y
pr
in
c
ip
l
ci
pl
e
e
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
e
4.
5.
The humility principle
The integrative principle
The precautionary
principle
The prevention principle
The environmental
justice principle
Th
1.
2.
3.
The U.S. government creates and
implements policies, which are composed of
e
s.
an
sw
er
er
s.
th
es
e
on
A
of
ft
he
se
an
tit
u
sw
te
d
..
t..
.
ll
o
N
re
gu
l
at
io
to
ns
im
in
s
pl
e
m
en
...
le
th
e
by
d
nd
in
g
se
fu
4.
5.
pa
s
3.
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
w
s
2.
laws passed by the
legislative branch.
funding to implement
laws and regulations.
regulations instituted by
the executive branch to
put laws into effect.
All of these answers.
None of these answers.
la
1.
Individual's influence and change
government policies in constitutional
democracies by
sw
an
se
in
g
A
ll
o
ft
he
tin
ip
a
rt
ic
er
s.
...
gr
as
pu
si
ng
re
s
pa
ex
p
ly
fr
ee
b.
..
.
in
g
bb
y
lo
tin
g.
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
vo
1. voting.
2. lobbying.
3. freely expressing
public opinion.
4. participating in
grass-roots
activities.
5. All of these answers.
The first step in establishing an
environmental policy is
.
bl
ic
.
of
th
e
pu
fo
r ..
or
t
at
io
n
uc
ed
se
cu
rin
g
su
in
g
a
pp
co
he
si
..
er
...
m
ak
lo
p
ve
de
nv
in
c
in
g
la
w
tf
...
ie
n
ffi
c
su
5.
co
4.
rin
g
3.
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
cu
2.
securing sufficient funds to
develop a public relations
campaign.
convincing lawmakers that
there is a problem.
developing a cohesive
approach to the problem.
securing support for your
position.
education of the public.
se
1.
Most federal public land is
located
1. in the Western
United States.
2. in Alaska.
3. in the Northeast
United States.
4. in National Parks.
5. None of the above.
e.
th
e
of
e
on
N
ab
ov
Pa
rk
s
at
io
n
N
in
N
al
tU
as
A
or
th
e
in
th
e
in
ni
t..
ka
la
s
...
ni
te
U
er
n
es
t
W
th
e
in
.
.
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
Environmental law
er
s.
l..
.
se
ft
he
ll
o
A
an
fo
r
sw
po
...
se
ts
st
an
da
r
ty
ci
al
sp
e
a
is
ds
of
ab
in
ed
tic
pr
ac
ov
er
ou
t.
..
in
...
t-g
ro
w
te
s
fa
s
4.
5.
is
3.
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
th
e
2.
is the fastest-growing sector
of the American legal
profession.
is practiced in about 100
public interest law firms and
groups.
is a specialty of over 20,000
attorneys.
sets standards for pollution.
All of these answers.
is
1.
The effectiveness of environmental
lawsuits is limited by
on
e
s.
an
of
th
es
e
se
an
sw
of
a
ft
he
A
sw
er
er
s.
t..
.
u.
.
er
y
co
v
ll
o
N
la
ck
of
re
of
tim
e
fo
r
co
...
in
g
pr
ov
ng
th
of
le
4.
5.
ul
ty
3.
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
ffi
c
2.
difficulty of proving defendant
is liable and responsible for a
harmful action.
length of time for court
proceedings.
lack of recovery of attorneys'
fees by public interest law
firms.
All of these answers.
None of these answers.
di
1.
Compared to national- and state-level
environmental organizations, grassroots
groups
A
ll
o
ft
he
er
s.
sw
se
n
an
pr
ev
e.
..
pe
d.
ol
lu
tio
tp
an
w
w
an
tp
g
ol
lu
tio
n
m
ed
ia
im
st
op
te
...
...
co
to
ng
fig
ht
in
ill
i
e
w
ar
s
5.
le
s
3.
4.
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
e
2.
are less willing to
compromise.
are fighting immediate
threats to their families'
lives.
want pollution stopped.
want pollution
prevented.
All of these answers.
ar
1.
The environmental movement
currently faces
A
b
an
d
c
on
ly
.
er
s.
sw
an
se
ft
he
ll
o
lo
b
by
in
tie
an
dup
of
n
st
ep
pe
iti
o
co
al
a
g.
..
n.
..
e.
..
iti
v
ns
se
aw
s
4.
5.
al
l
3.
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
de
r
2.
federal laws sensitive to riskbenefit analyses.
a coalition of antienvironmental grass-roots
groups.
stepped-up lobbying against
environmental laws and
regulations.
All of these answers.
b and c only.
fe
1.
Which of the following is synonymous
with an anthropocentric worldview?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Self-centered
Human-centered
Life-centered
Ecosystemcentered
5. Earth-centered
ed
en
te
r
rt
hc
nt
er
ed
m
-c
e
ys
te
os
Ec
Ea
nt
er
ed
fe
-c
e
re
d
Li
nt
e
-c
e
um
an
H
Se
lfc
en
te
re
d
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
Planetary management worldviews include
all of the following variations except
1. spaceship-Earth.
2. free-market
school.
3. "no problem"
school.
4. ecocentrism.
5. stewardship.
hi
p
.
.
ew
ar
ds
st
en
tr
is
m
oc
ec
m
"
sc
ho
ol
.
l.
ch
oo
pr
ob
le
ts
"n
o
-m
ar
ke
fr
ee
sp
ac
es
hi
p
-E
ar
th
.
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
People calling for more
stewardship generally believe that
er
s.
.
ll
o
sw
an
ft
he
m
of
ur
e
m
ix
t
a
se
ar
ke
po
n
re
s
al
et
hi
c
A
te
.
d
an
ce
an
t-b
...
si
bi
li.
..
...
ou
l
sh
tte
rs
ci
en
lis
m
ita
5.
be
4.
ca
p
3.
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
re
2.
pure capitalism should be used to
make our economic decisions.
better science and technology can
fix our problems.
an ethical responsibility to "tend our
garden" would improve most
technological-economic growth
worldviews.
a mixture of market-based
competition, improved technology,
and government intervention can
solve our problems.
All of these answers.
pu
1.
Which of the following worldviews is most likely to
support the view that most public property should
be turned over to private ownership?
1. "no problem" school
2. free-market global
economy
3. responsible
planetary
management
4. stewardship
5. ecocentrism
en
tr
is
m
oc
hi
p
ec
.
ew
ar
ds
ne
t
pl
a
ib
le
ns
sp
o
st
ar
..
..
e.
al
lo
b
tg
re
-m
ar
ke
fr
ee
"n
o
pr
ob
le
m
"
sc
ho
ol
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
Which of the following worldviews is based
on a belief in the least government
interference?
1. "no problem" school
2. free-market school
3. responsible
planetary
management
4. stewardship
5. ecocentrism
en
tr
is
m
oc
hi
p
ec
ew
ar
ds
st
ib
le
pl
a
ne
t
ar
..
.
ch
oo
ts
re
sp
o
ns
-m
ar
ke
fr
ee
"n
o
pr
ob
le
m
"
sc
ho
ol
l
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
Species which have a right to life regardless
of their usefulness to humans have
1. net worth.
2. aesthetic value.
3. instrumental
value.
4. inherent value.
5. dollar value.
ne
tw
or
ae
th
st
.
he
tic
in
va
st
lu
ru
e.
m
en
ta
lv
al
ue
in
he
.
re
nt
va
lu
e.
do
lla
rv
al
ue
.
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
Which of the following beliefs does not
characterize a life-centered worldview?
n
lim
...
er
ite
-in
d
re
cr
s.
ea
..
Ea
si
ng
rt
h
pr
ha
od
s
...
lim
Ev
ite
er
-in
d
ca
cr
pa
ea
...
si
ng
co
n.
..
ca
nu
ity
Ev
ha
s
rt
h
Ea
5.
in
ge
4.
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
um
an
2.
3.
Human ingenuity can fix any
problems we face.
Earth has limited resources.
Ever-increasing production
will severely stress earth's
systems.
Earth has limited capability to
absorb human pollutants.
Ever-increasing consumption
will severely stress earth's
systems.
H
1.
An environmental-wisdom worldview is
characterized by all of the following except
of
e
co
l..
fo
r
fo
rm
s
m
e
so
n.
..
.
e.
..
e
th
se
ei
ng
vi
ng
lie
be
ne
ed
ll
ty
p
ta
tf
th
a
rm
os
ou
ng
ei
u.
..
a.
..
as
w
or
ld
e
se
5.
th
4.
ng
3.
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
ei
2.
seeing the world as an integrated,
interconnected, interdependent whole
rather than as a fragmented collection of
parts.
seeing our most fundamental value as
maintaining earth's life-support systems.
believing that all types of economic
growth are important for alleviating
poverty.
seeing the need for less competition and
more cooperation in building relationships.
some forms of economic growth are
environmentally beneficial and some are
not.
se
1.
Which of the following lifestyle guidelines is
incompatible with deep ecology?
es
R
ec
os
ys
.
..
..
ed
s.
to
re
lo
hu
fy
tis
Sa
ca
l
m
an
ne
os
y
s.
..
ity
.
ec
al
tl
oc
pp
A
Pr
ot
ec
re
c
ia
te
di
ve
rs
in
ju
...
at
e
im
in
el
to
5.
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
or
k
2.
3.
4.
Work to eliminate injustice to
humans and other species.
Appreciate diversity.
Protect local ecosystems.
Satisfy human needs and
wants in all cultures.
Restore local ecosystems.
W
1.