Bacteria and
Viruses
What is a prokaryote?
 Microscopic
 Usually
____________ celled
 Usually have a cell wall, but no
membrane bound organelles
Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote Cells
Archaea Bacteria
 “Ancient”
bacteria
 Cell walls are chemically different than
other bacteria
 Found in extreme conditions ex. Yellow
stone national park hot springs.
Characteristics of Bacteria
 Single
celled
 Can be producers, consumers, and
decomposers.
 Live everywhere ie. Ubiquitous
Bacteria Shapes
 Three
Shapes
1. Rod- ___________
2. _______ -coccus
3. Spiral- spirallus
Reproduction
 Binary
fission- divides in half producing
two ___________ “daughter cells”
How do bacteria exchange
DNA?
 Three
1.
2.
3.
ways
Transformation – takes in DNA from the
environment
Transduction- happens when a virus
injects DNA into a bacterium
Conjugation- DNA is transferred from
one bacterium to another when two
bacteria are joined together
Bacteria Structure and
Function
Overview
 1.
Cytoplasm
 2. Chromosome
 3. Ribosome
 4. Cell Wall
 5. Gelatin Capsule
 6. Flagellum
cytoplasm
 Gelatin-like,
flows
inside cell
 Contains
everything cell
needs to carry out
life
chromosome (genetic
material)
 Directs cell
activities
 Provides directions
for all cell
processes
ribosome
 Makes
protein
cell membrane
 Controls
what
goes in and out
of the cell
 Separates
cell
from its
environment
cell wall
 Supports
and
protects the cell
gelatin like capsule
 Protects
cell
 Allows bacteria to
stick to surfaces
 Prevents
bacteria
from drying out
flagellum (plural: flagella)

Whip-like tail that
helps cell to move
Virus Basics
 Virus
are typically composed of a core of
_____ or _______ surrounded by a
____________
 Can
reproduce only by infecting
_______________
 Controversial-
living or nonliving
Structure
 ________
-protein coat includes
proteins that enable viruses to
enter the host cell
 Bacteriophages- viruses that infect
bacteria
 ________ -viral DNA embedded
into host’s DNA
Virus Structure Cont
Viral Infections
Living Evidence
Dead Evidence
Obtain and use _____________
Missing many characteristics
common to life ie. cell structure,
does not respond to stimuli.
Contains _______________ and
proteins.
Cannot survive or reproduce
without a host cell
Living or Dead
Does not perform life functions