Immigration Group
Immigration TimeLine
Naturalization Act of 1790:
Naturalization was limited to aliens, who were “free white persons”.
1875:
The Supreme Court transferred responsibility of regulating
immigration to the Federal Government.
1882 The Chinese Exclusion Act:
• The first law to restrict immigration into the United States
• Increase job opportunities
• Maintained white “racial purity”.
• Suspended all Chinese immigration for 10 years
• was renewed in 1892 for another 10 years
• In 1902 was made permanently illegal.
1885 Alien Contract Labor Law:
Prohibits importation of foreigners under any agreements and/or
contracts to perform labor in the US.
1907 The US Immigration Act of 1907:
Inspection and limitation of immigrants entering into the US, through
Mexican borders.
1917-1924:
A series of laws were enacted to further limit the number of new
immigrants (literacy requirement- read 40 words in some language).
These laws established the quota system (limiting by nationality the
number of immigrants who may enter the US each year) and imposed
passport requirements.
1924 Act:
The border patrol is created to combat smuggling and illegal
immigration.
1940 The Alien Registration Act:
Required all aliens within the United States to register and fingerprint
with the Government and receive an Alien Registration Receipt Card.
1952 Act:
Established the preference system that gave priority to family members
and people with special skills.
1968 Act:
Eliminated US immigration discrimination based on race, place of birth,
sex and residence. It also officially abolished restrictions on Oriental
US immigration.
1986 Act:
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Commonly known as the 1986 Immigration Amnesty.
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Legalized hundred of thousands of illegal immigrants.
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Introduced the employer sanctions program
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Passed laws to prevent bogus marriage fraud.
1990 Act:
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Annual limit for certain categories of immigrants
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Expanded the business class categories
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Created the Immigrant Investor Program.
Creation of the USCIS 2003:
As of March 1, 2003, the US immigration and Naturalization Service
(INS) becomes part of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS).
US Immigration History
http://www.rapidimmigration.com/1_eng_immigration_history.html
Immigration to the US, Timeline
http://ocp.hul.harvard.edu/immigration/timeline.html
Impact of Globalization on
Immigration
• Competitive labor markets might persuade job-seekers to find work abroad.
• Paul A. Harris, PhD, Assistant Professor of Public Administration,
International Studies and Philosophy at Augusta State University, wrote:
"Globalization has been the defining feature of the late twentieth-century,
exemplified by sharply increased trade in goods, inter-connected financial
markets and large-scale international migration. Globalization is defined by
cross-border connectivity, including porous borders, which serve to expedite
flows of goods while at the same time increase the level of immigration – both
legal and illegal.“
• NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) may have been the factor
in the large immigration of Mexicans living in the U.S. without proper
documentation. The number has increased from about 2 million in 1990 to
an estimated 6.2 million in 2005.
Impact of Globalization on
Immigration
• In 2005, there were an estimated 200 million migrants in the world’s labor force.
The economy of remittances (i.e., money paid back to source countries) is at
roughly $150 billion.
• In China, the number of migrant workers is about 9% of its population, or 120
million people. This pool of migrant workers sends back US$65.4 billion back to
their source countries, which accounts for almost 50% of the economy of
remittances.
• According to the European Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenophobia, "In
Europe, 28% of foreigners between the ages of 25 and 49 are unable to find work,
with unemployment rates as high as 35% for Turks and Pakistanis and 60% for
recent immigrant groups such as Somalis.“
• Toronto’s unemployment rate was 6.7% in November 2010, including 19.7%
among recent immigrants
Impact of Globalization on
Immigration
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According to the European Monitoring Centre on Racism
and Xenophobia, "In Europe, 28% of foreigners between
the ages of 25 and 49 are unable to find work, with
unemployment rates as high as 35% for Turks and
Pakistanis and 60% for recent immigrant groups such as
Somalis.“
•
Toronto’s unemployment rate was 6.7% in November
2010, including 19.7% among recent immigrants
Impact of Globalization on
Immigration
• Immigration with proper documentation has been argued to
strengthen communities and foreign countries:
• The import of foreign laborers adds to a new set of skills and lowers the
transaction costs in international trade.
• The experiences of foreign laborers would bring in valuable knowledge
about foreign markets which would induce trade amongst countries.
• Having foreign immigrants would also diversify a particular country, which
would make it stronger in attempting foreign affairs abroad.
• The increase in foreign legal immigrants would also add to the country’s
work force and human capital capabilities.
Impact of Globalization on
Immigration
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What is Immigration Law?
• Immigration laws are used to control how
non-citizens come in and out of the United
States.
• Govern the entry, admission, and status of
people wishing to transit, reside in, or
become citizens of the United States
Current Immigration Laws
It is against the law to enter the United States without
permission.
Consequences:
(1st Time ) Misdemeanor offense
(2nd Time) Felony
It is against the law to overstay the time allowed by US
Government issued visa
Immigration to the United States is govern by the United
States Citizenship and Immigration Services
(USCIS)
Employment Eligibility Verification
• Although federal government has always required business
owners to verify an employee’s eligibility, the department of
Homeland Security has made recent changes to how this is
accomplished, and had begun strictly enforcing employment
eligibility verification.
-Employers are now required to complete I-9 forms
within three days after hiring an employee.
-Must submit documentation sufficient to complete the
I-9 form.
-Employer must examine the documentation which
establishes identity and eligibility to work.
-Employer must update when the documentation
submitted expires.
Penalties for Hiring unauthorized
Immigrants
• Penalties for Hiring knowingly employ
unauthorized immigrants and failing to comply
with the employment verification requirements
(I-9 process) pursuant to INA Section 274A;
-First Offense: $250- $2000 per illegal
employee
-Second Offense: $2000-$5000 per illegal
employee
Other Controversial Bills
Kentucky (Senate Bill 6)
-Gives police authority to check the immigration status of
people they stop.
-Allow the police to arrest on trespassing charges for setting
foot in Kentucky.
Status: Cleared Senate 24-14, Pending House approval
Alabama “show me your papers” Provision
-Original bill ordered schools to check immigration status of
new students enrolling.
Status: Ruled unconstitutional by federal court
Georgia “show me your papers”
Arizona Senate Bill 1070
• Requires all aliens over the age of 14 who remain
in the Unites States to register with the U.S
Government.
• Required to have registration documents in their
possession at all times.
• Obligates police officers to make an attempt,
when practicable during a “lawful stop, detention
or arrest”, to determine a person's immigration
status of there is reasonable suspicion that that
person is an illegal alien.
• Violation of this requirement is a federal
misdemeanor crime.
Why is the Arizona SB 1070
controversial?
Supporters
Mostly Republicans
Say its directed towards
criminals
55% of Americans support it
6/10 Older Americans
Why
Will lead to less crime
Discourage unlawful entry to
U.S
Critics
Mostly Democrats
Latinos
54% Opposed
Why
Fear it will promote racial
profiling
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RrpZGODsaE8&feature=related
Dream Act: Impacts
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Allows states to provide in-state tuition without
regarding one’s immigration status
Temporary legal status for certain immigrant
students
Obtain permanent legal status
Serve in the U.S. military
Attend college
Dream Act: Qualifications
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Must have entered the United States before the age of 16
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Must have been present in the United States for at least 5
consecutive years prior to passing of the bill
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Must have graduated from a United States high school, or have
obtained a GED, or have been accepted into an institution of higher
education
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Must be between the ages of 12 and 35 at the time of application
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Must have good moral character
Conditional Permanent Residence
Status
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Limited duration-six years
Attend school
Drive
Employment opportunities
Can use for residence requirements for
naturalization
Be eligible for Pell Grants or certain other federal
financial aid grants.
Obtaining Regular Lawful
Permanent Residence Status
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Graduate from a two year college
Certain vocational colleges
Studied at least two years toward a B.A or higher
degree
Served in U.S. armed forces for at least two years
You Make the Difference
Deportation
•
Expulsion of a person or
group of people from a place
or country.
•
The first deportation law in
the United States was the
Alien Act of 1798. Under this
law, the president could
deport any alien who was
deemed dangerous.
Deportation
•
In the 1980s and 1990s an
increasing number of illegal
immigrants from South and
Central America, Haiti, and
Cuba tried to enter the
United States.
•
Today, deportations hit a
record high in the United
States, nearly 393,000 people
in the fiscal year that ended
Sept. 30
Deportation: United States
French Roma Deportations
•
Program initiated in July
2010 by the government
of France to repatriate
thousands
of Romanian and Bulargarian Roma as part of a
crackdown on illegal
camps in the country.
Diaspora
•
Is "the movement, migration, or scattering of people
away from an established or ancestral homeland” or
"people dispersed by whatever cause to more than
one location"[ or "people settled far from their
ancestral homelands".
•
Diasporic cultural development often assumes a
different course from that of the population in the
original place of settlement. Over time, remotely
separated communities tend to vary in culture,
traditions, language, and other factors.
Diaspora
Coalition for Human Immigrant
Rights of Los Angeles(CHIRLA)
 Mission – “To advance the human and civil rights of
immigrants and refugees, promote harmonious multi-ethnic
and multi-racial human relations, and empower immigrants
and their allies to build a more just and humane society.”
 What they do
 Educate
 Community Organizing
 Advocate
 Federal work
 State work
 Local work
Central American Resource
Center (CARECEN)
 Mission – “To empower Central Americans by defending human and civil
rights, working for social and economic justice and promoting cultural
diversity.”
 Types of programs
 Legal Services
 Educational programs
 Civil participation
 Day laborer center
 Advocates
 Immigration Reform
 Educational Reform
Obamas Plan for Fixing the
Immigration System
• Securing our borders
• Prevent the hiring and
exploitation of undocumented
workers
• Create a legal immigration
system that reflects our values
and diverse needs.
• Hold those who are here
illegally accountable
WHY IS THE IMMIGRATION REFORM
ONCE MORE IN CONGRESS?
• Since President Barack Obama was re-elected
with a lot of support from Latino voters, many
Republicans have showed a new willingness to
work with Democrats to pass immigration
reform after years of legislative inaction.
Pros of Immigration Reform
• Increases U.S. GDP by at least 0.84 percent. Or $1.5 trillion
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cumulative increase in GDP over 10 years, which includes
$1.2 trillion in consumption and $256 billion in investment
The benefits of additional GDP will help sectors such as
textiles, electronic equipment, and construction
Increased tax revenues of $4.5-$5.4 billion in the first three
years.
Higher personal income would also generate increased
consumer spending—enough to support 750,000–900,000
jobs
Experience shows that legalized workers open bank accounts,
buy homes, and start businesses, further stimulating the U.S.
economy
CONS of a Immigration Reform
• Job competition. Opponents of immigrant
hiring assert that immigrants take jobs away
from U.S. citizens.
• Population concerns. A major concern in
immigration reform is overpopulation.
• Burden on infrastructure. Critics also point out
that immigration dramatically impacts the
educational system and other existing
infrastructure
More People Are in Favor
How could we make it pass?
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Inform People
Call your representatives
Organize People
Looking to the Past, Marches helps let the
voice of the people to be heard
• www.dreamacthelp.weebly.com