Skeletal System Study Guide Answers (Short Answer Questions)
1.
Bones are made up of the same tissue that have the same function
2.
Protection, support, movement, storage of minerals and growth factors, blood cell formation, triglyceride storage
3.
Compact bone (outer layer, dense and solid), spongy bone (inner layer, very porous)
4.
Axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton ***be able to label them
5.
Long bones (longer than they are wide), short bones (cube-shaped, includes sesamoid bones), flat bones (thin, flat, slightly curved), irregular bones (oddly shaped)
6.
***see long bone coloring sheet
7.
osteocytes
8.
***see #3
9.
Periosteum – contains blood vessels and nerves for bones
10.
Hardening of the skeleton; bone tissue formation
11.
Begins at 8 weeks gestation
12.
Males: birth to 18-21; Females: birth to 16-18
13.
Osteoblasts (immature bone-forming cells) eventually become osteocytes (mature bone cells) which become osteoclasts when bone breaks down/dissolves
14.
***see #4
15.
Axial – skull, vertebral column, ribs; Appendicular – limbs and girdles (pelvic and pectoral)
16.
***see #15
17.
***see #13
18.
Allows for long growth of bones
19.
***just know that appositional growth causes bones to increase in thickness
20.
***just know that the epiphyseal plates are responsible for bone elongation
21.
***see #12
22.
Bone resorption – breaking down of bone and removing of minerals; bone deposition – making new bone tissue and adding more minerals
23.
Nutrition, exposure to sunlight, hormones (specifically growth hormone), exercise
24.
Vitamin D helps bones absorb calcium (without Ca bones become more brittle)
25.
Ca, P, Vitamin C, Vitamin K
26.
Helps maintain bone mass and bone strength
27.
Break in the bone
28.
Compound fracture – open fracture

29.
Comminuted (bone breaks into 3 or more pieces), compression (bone is crushed), spiral (occurs from twisting force), epiphyseal (break is at epiphyseal plate), depressed (broken portion of bone is pressed inward), greenstick (bone does not completely break, common in children due to their bones being more flexible)
30.
***See #2
31.
Flexible tissue in bones that produces blood cells
32.
Red marrow – at head of long bones and where blood cells (red and most white) and platelets are produced; yellow marrow – in medullary cavity and stores fat
33.
Osteoporosis – condition in which bones become thin and brittle over time due to mineral loss
34.
People with osteoporosis are more prone to fractures.
35.
Nutritious diet (calcium and vitamin supplements if needed), exercise, get enough sunlight
***Also be familiar with the differences between male and female skeletons (keep in mind, form follows function)
Good Luck!