CARBOHYDRATE NOTES
Carbohydrates
 Compounds
containing carbon,
hydrogen and oxygen in a 1:2:1
ratio
 Example: C6H12O6
 Examples:
Sugars & Starches
Functions in the body
 Main
source
of
energy
Building Blocks
– the basic
building block of
carbohydrates
 Example: Sugars
 Monosaccharide – single
sugars; C6H12O6
 Examples: Glucose
(plants), Galactose (milk),
Fructose (fruits)
 Saccharide
Building Blocks, cont.
 Disaccharides
– double sugars;
C12H22O11
 Examples: Sucrose (table sugar),
maltose (malt sugar), lactose (milk)
Check for Understanding

In the reaction represented below, which
molecules are considered the reactants?
monosaccharide + monosaccharide --> disaccharide + water
1 monosaccharide and monosaccharide
 2 disaccharide and water
 3 monosaccharide and water
 4 monosaccharide and disaccharide

Building Blocks, cont.
 Polysaccharides
– many saccharide
units
 Examples: starches, glycogen
(animal starch), cellulose (plants)

Which molecule is an example of a
carbohydrate?
Food Energy
1
gram of
carbohydrates
is 4 calories
Healthy Living Fact:
•The best sources of carbohydrates—whole grains, vegetables, fruits
and beans—promote good health by delivering vitamins, minerals, fiber,
and a host of important phytonutrients.
•Easily digested refined carbohydrates from white bread, white rice and
other refined grains, pastries, sugared sodas, and other highly
processed foods may contribute to weight gain, interfere with weight
loss, and promote diabetes and heart disease.
Check for Understanding
Normally, when the concentration of
glucose in the blood falls below a certain
level, stored glucose reenters the blood
until the original concentration is reached
again. This regulation of the
concentration of blood glucose is part of
the process known as
 1 synthesis 3 pinocytosis
 2 respiration 4 homeostasis

Color Code Instructions
Glucose – red
 OH ends – blue

Fructose – orange
H ends - blue
You have 5 minutes to color