DNA from the Beginning: Classical Genetics from Cold Spring Harbor Laboratories:
Go to: http://www.dnaftb.org/
Click on the Classical Genetics button to start with page one. Each module has pages under the headings
labeled: Concept, Animation, Gallery, Audio-Video, Bio, Problem, & Links. The concept and animation
sections are generally the most useful. Answer the questions as you go along. You will find that the frame at
the right gives you the choices to move along the major topics (modules).
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Module #1: Children Resemble Their Parents
Concept
1. Before 1865, what showed that traits could be controlled?
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2. What did Gregor Mendel find?
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Animation
3. How did Mendel prevent self-fertilization?
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4. What is cross-fertilization?
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Module #2: Genes Come in Pairs
Concept
5. How many traits did Mendel look at?
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6. How many versions of each trait did he find?
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Animation
7. Define "phenotype"
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8. Define "genotype"
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9. Define "allele"
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10. For one of the pea traits, list two alleles for it.
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Bio
11. Where was Mendel from?
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12. What was his occupation or calling?
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13. What were some of the things he did besides grow peas?
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Module #3: Genes Don't Blend
Concept
14. Using peas, give an example of what would be expected if the "blending" hypothesis
was correct and what the outcome actually would be.
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Animation
15. When a pure-bred green pea and a pure-bred yellow pea are crossed, what is the
phenotype of the resulting offspring?
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Bio
16. What are two other things that Mendel did in science/nature?
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Module #4: Some Genes Are Dominant
Concept
17. Even though genes can combine in multiple ways, what do they always maintain?
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18. What is meant by "dominant"?
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Animation
19. When Mendel crossed yellow peas from the first generation, what did he find for the
second generation?
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20. What are the two alleles for pea color?
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21. Infer: what does "homozygous" mean?
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22. What two genotypes make yellow peas?
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23. What genotype makes a green pea?
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24. Infer: what does "heterozygous" mean?
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25. Explain how two yellow pea plants can make a green pea plant.
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Bio
26. Why was Mendel's work relatively unknown until 1900?
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Module #5: Genetic Inheritance Follows Rules
Concept
27. What did Mendel deduce about sex cells?
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28. What is the famous dominant-recessive ratio?
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Animation
29. What goes across the top and side of the Punnett square?
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30. What do the "empty" boxes (in the middle) represent?
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31. What are the genotypes of the offspring in this cross?
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32. What are the phenotypes of the offspring in this cross?
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Module #6: Genes Are Real Things
Concept
33. When did Mendel publish his research?
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34. What about chromosomes suggested that they might carry information?
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Animation
35. What three people rediscovered what Mendel discovered?
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36. In what year did this happen?
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37. Why does cork float?
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38. Which has more chromosomes: salamanders or meal worms?
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Module #7: All Cells Arise From Pre-Existing Cells
Concept
39. What did people once think was where life came from?
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40. What was later discovered as the reproduction mechanism?
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Animation
41. Who published a description of mitosis and what was the year?
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42. Who wrote what in 1858?
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Module #8: Sex Cells Have One Set of Chromosomes, Body Cells Have Two
Concept
43. What does "homologous" mean?
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44. What does meiosis do?
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45. What happens when sperm and egg unite?
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Animation
46. Comparing the animations of mitosis (module 7) and meiosis, how is the metaphase
step of mitosis and meiosis different?
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47. What is the big difference between meiosis I and meiosis II?
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48. What does the fourth chromosome in the grasshopper look like?
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Problem
49. How many chromosomes are there?
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50. What do you think "diploid" means?
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51. How many of the homologous chromosomes will be found in an egg cell?
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52. What do you think "haploid" means?
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Module 9: Specialized Chromosomes Determine Gender
Concept
53. What determines a male or female?
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Animation
54. Who determines the sex of the baby?
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Module 10: Chromosomes Carry Genes
Concept
55. What organism did Morgan and his students use for genetic study?
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Animation
56. How did they know that the gene for eye color was on the X-chromosome?
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57. Describe the phenotype of the fly with the most mutations compared with wild type
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Module 11: Genes Get Shuffled When Chromosomes Exchange Pieces
Concept
58. What chromosomes exchange pieces in meiosis?
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Animation
59. Who made the world's first genetic map?
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60. What is the relationship between the amount of crossing over that happens and the
distance the genes are from each other on the chromosome
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Module 12: Evolution Begins With the Inheritance of Gene Variations
Concept
61. What was the goal of the sub-discipline of experimental evolution?
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Animation
62. What happened when the corn was self-fertilized for seven generations?
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63. Compare pure-bred lines with the corn openly pollinated in the field ?
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64. What does the term hybrid vigor mean?
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65. In general, what is the result of genetic diversity?
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Module 13: Mendelian Laws Apply to Human Beings
Concept
66. What were some of the earliest identified recessive disorders?
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67. What were some of the earliest identified dominant disorders?
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68. What were some of the earliest identified sex-linked disorders?
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69. What kind of inheritance is eye color?
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Animation
70. In a pedigree, what is represented by circles and squares?
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71. What type of inheritance is hemophilia? How is it different from other types?
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72. What is consanguinity and why do you think (from a biological perspective) it is
outlawed in some places?
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