Name: ___________________________________ Date: __________________ Period: _______
6.2 Notes: Covalent Bonding
1. Covalent Bonds
a. A __________________ bond is a ________________ bond in
which two atoms ______________ a pair of
_________________ electrons.
i. When two _________ share _____ pair of electrons, the
_________ is called a ______________ bond.
ii. Atoms can _________ more than one valence
_____________. When they share _______ it is called a
______________ bond, when they share _________ it is
called a _____________ bond.
b. ___________ ways to ______________ models of __________
bonds are the electron _____ diagram, the _________________
formula, the _____________-____________ model, and the
electron _______________ model.
i. In the ________________ dot model, the __________ is
shown by a __________ of dots in the space between the
___________________.
ii. In the _________________ formula, the pair of _______
is replaced by a ______________.
iii. The electron _____________ and the space-filling
_________________ show the _____________ of atoms
overlap when a ______________________ bond forms.
Name: ___________________________________ Date: __________________ Period: _______
2. Molecules of Elements
a. A _____________ is a ______________ group of ___________
that are _____________ together by one or more
____________________ bonds.
i. In the formula _________, the subscript ______ indicates
that there are two __________________ atoms.
ii. The H2, ______________, molecule is ______________
because it contains two _________________ and two
__________________, one from each hydrogen _______
in the _________________.
iii. In the H2 molecule, what keeps the hydrogen atoms
together?
1. _________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
b. A ____________ formula can be used to _______________ the
________________ of an element as well as a _____________.
c. When ________ join in _________ we call them
_____________________ molecules.
3. Unequal Sharing of Electrons
Name: ___________________________________ Date: __________________ Period: _______
a. Atoms are able to _______________ electrons
__________________.
i. a. Elements on the __________ side of the ________
table have a ____________ attraction for _________
than elements
on the ___________ side.
ii. Elements at the _______ have a greater attraction for
_______________ than do elements at the
________________.
1. For example, _____________ is at the top right of
the _____________ table and has the strongest
_____________ for electrons in the ________________________ group.
iii. ________________ energy is the amount of __________
needed to remove an _____________ from an ________.
1. Ionization ___________ increases as you move __
and to the ____________ on the periodic table.
4. Polar Covalent Bonds
a. A ______________ covalent bond is a __________ in which
electrons are _______ shared _________________.
i. When ________ form a polar ___________________
bond, the atom with the _____________ attraction for
_______________ has a partial ____________ charge
represented as - ( is the lower case smybol of the greek
Name: ___________________________________ Date: __________________ Period: _______
letter delta).
ii. The other _______ has a partial _________________
charge represented as +.
1. When _______________ and ________________
bond, the shared _______________ is closer to the
chlorine __________, because chlorine has a
_______________ attraction for electrons. This
gives the chlorine atom a slightly _____________
charge and the sodium atom a slightly __________
charge.
iii. Attractions between _________________ molecules are
_________________ than attractions between
_____________________ molecules.
5. Polar VS Non-Polar Molecules
a. When a ________________ contains only two ________, such
as H2, the molecule will always be ______________________.
b. __________________ that contain more than one ___________
bond are ________ always polar molecules.
i. The type of ____________ in a molecule and its _______
are factors that _________________ whether a molecule
is ______________ or ____________________.
1. For example, in the _______ molecule, there are
____________ bonds between each ____________
atom and the central ______________ atom. Since
oxygen has a ___________________ attraction for
Name: ___________________________________ Date: __________________ Period: _______
________________ than carbon, each double bond
is _____________. However, there is an ________
pull on the electrons from ___________________
directions which ____________ out and make the
molecule ___________________.
2. In a ______ molecule, the ___________ are polar
because ______________ has a greater attraction
for _____________ than ________________ does.
However, since there is _____ an equal _________
on the electrons, the ________________ atoms are
both located on the __________ side of the oxygen
__________ and create a ____________ molecule.
The hydrogen _________ of the ______________
has a partial __________________ charge, and the
oxygen side has a partial ______________ charge.