mixtures
The organization of Matter
matter
mixtures
heterogeneous
Pure substances
homogeneous
Elements
Oxygen, iron
Compounds
Salt, sugar
III. Classification of Matter
A. Pure Substance
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Composition is always the same, whatever the source…never varies
1.
Element –
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Simplest form of matter
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Made up of identical atoms
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All listed on PTOE (92 natural)
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Au, Na, O2, S8 are all elements
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Cannot be broken down
Classification of Matter
Pure Substance
Compounds
2.
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Combination of more than one type of element joined by bonds (CO2, NaCl)
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Components separated by chemical rxn
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Represented with a chemical formula
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Letters indicate type of element
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Subscripts tell how many
Classification of Matter
Pure Substance
1.
Molecule – combination of more that one atom held by covalent bonds (all
elements in a molecule are nonmetals)
O2 is a molecule of the oxygen element
O3 is a molecule of the oxygen element
CO2 is a molecule and a compound
NaCl is NOT a molecule but a compound
MIXTURES
A. Definition of Mixture - combination of pure
substances that retain their properties
B. Types of Mixtures
1. heterogeneous - individual substances are distinct
(composition is not uniform throughout)
a. examples – sand, vegetable soup
2. homogeneous - individual substances are not distinct
(uniform composition throughout)
a. examples - solutions
MIXTURES
B. Types – 2. homogeneous
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type of solution
examples
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solid – liquid
sugar water, salt water
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gas – liquid
carbonated beverages
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liquid – liquid
alcohol, vinegar
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gas – gas
air
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solid - solid
alloys (metal + metal)
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Classifying Matter
Mixtures
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Combination of two or more pure substances
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Composition of mixtures varies from source to source
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Components can be separated by physical means (magnet, filter, distillation)
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No chemical formula
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List of ‘ingredients’
Classifying Matter
Mixtures
Homogenous Mixtures
1.

Uniform composition throughout one sample
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Also known as solutions
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Solutions can be solid, liquid or gas
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Aqueous solutions have water as solvent
Sometimes you need additional information
Classifying Matter
Mixtures
Heterogenous Mixture
2.

Composition varies within one sample
Mixtures-bozeman
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jEoQ6TNLJl8
Tyndell effect
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The Tyndall effect, also known as Tyndall scattering, is light scattering by
particles in a colloid or particles in a fine suspension. It is named after the
19th-century physicist John Tyndall.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4MVEpS0tvk
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Aluminum
Paper
Gold
Orange juice
Fruit on the bottom yogurt
Iced tea
Diamond
Air
Octane (C8H18)
Glucose
Oil and water
Hand lotion