Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution Section 1
The Industrial Revolution Section 1
A New Kind of Revolution
Preview
• Starting Points Map: Resources of Great Britain
• A Revolution in Great Britain
• Faces of History: James Watt
The Industrial Revolution
Click the icon to play
Listen to History audio.
Click the icon below to connect to the
Interactive Maps.
Section 1
The Industrial Revolution Section 1
A New Kind of Revolution
Main Idea
In the 1700s conditions in Great Britain led to the rapid growth of the textile industry, which in turn led to huge changes in many other industries.
Reading Focus
• Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in Great Britain?
• How did industrialization cause a revolution in the production of textiles?
• How did steam power the Industrial Revolution?
• Where did industrialization spread beyond Great Britain?
The Industrial Revolution Section 1
A Revolution in Great Britain
During the 1700s changes in technology began based on the use of power-driven machinery. This era is called the Industrial Revolution .
Factors for Success
• Exploration and colonialism
• Seapower
• Political stability
• Government support
• Growth of private investment
Agricultural Factors
• Research and development on farms
• Jethro Tull , seed drill
• Improved livestock breeding
• Better varieties of food crops
– Increased food supply
– Population grew
• Enclosure movement
The Industrial Revolution
Britain’s Big Advantage
Section 1
The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain.
• Had essential elements for economic success
• Factors of production
– Land
– Labor
– Capital
The Industrial Revolution Section 1
Find the Main Idea
Why was Great Britain in the 1700s ideally suited to be the birthplace of the Industrial
Revolution?
Answer(s): Colonies around the world supplied raw materials; powerful navy and merchant fleet facilitated trade; waterways provided power and transportation; enclosure movement led to large labor supply; private investors provided funds for investment; coal and iron deposits provided needed resources
The Industrial Revolution Section 1
A Revolution in Textiles
Textile Industry
• Beginning of Industrial Revolution
• Weaving was a cottage industry
• Labor performed at home
• Industrialization transformed this
New Way of Making Cloth
• Fabric made of wool or cotton
• Supply of fibers increased in the
1700s
• Slave labor in America
• Invention of cotton gin
• Invention of spinning jenny
• Invention of flying shuttle
Cloth-making in Factories
• Cottages too small
• Factory invented
• Power for factories?
• Water frame for water power
• Output increased 8x by 1770
The Industrial Revolution Section 1
Identify Problem and Solution
How did machines solve problems that weavers faced?
Answer(s): spinning jenny and spinning frame spun thread into yarn, "flying shuttle" and power loom made weaving faster
The Industrial Revolution Section 1
Steam Powers the Revolution
Development of Steam
Engine
• First successful steam engine in
1712
• Innovations by James Watt
• Steam power versus water power
• Steam locomotives
• Steamships
• Robert Fulton
Coal for Steam Engines
• Steam engines needed large amounts of fuel
• Wood scarce
• Coal mining industry
• Changing landscapes
• Dangers of mining
The Industrial Revolution Section 1
The Industrial Revolution
Make Generalizations
Section 1
What impact did the steam engine have on the growth of British industry?
Answer(s): major impact; used in textile mills, factories could be located away from rivers, powered locomotives and ships, led to development of coal as a resource, more factories built near northern coal mines
The Industrial Revolution Section 1
Industrialization Spreads
Industrialization soon spread to western Europe and the United
States. Other regions did not industrialize in the 1800s. What was it about Western countries that encouraged them to embrace industry?
Why Western
Countries?
• Political liberty
• Freedom to compete
• Rewards reaped
• Exploitation and improvements
America
• British restrictions
• Hamilton, 1791
• Samuel Slater
– Water frame
– Slater’s Mill
• Lowell’s Mill
Europe
• Belgium, 1807
• France, 1815
• Germany, 1850
– Railroads
– Treaties
The Industrial Revolution
Industry in Asia
Eventually, industry spread to Asia.
• Japan first in 1868
• Meiji government
• The 1900s —industrialization for
– China
– India
– Russia
Section 1
The Industrial Revolution
Compare and Contrast
Section 1
How did industrialization in Britain compare to the process in America and Europe?
Answer(s): Britain industrialized first, America and Europe benefited from earlier inventions;
Lowell factory in Massachusetts was first all-inone mill; political issues delayed industrial development in continental Europe
