Practice Questions
Option D section 5-7
Review: D2
35. Antacids can be taken for indigestion caused by excess
acidity.
(a) Identify the substance responsible for the low pH value
of the liquid in the human stomach. (1)
HCl
(b) Two active ingredients in antacids are Mg(OH)2 and
NaHCO3. Write an equation to show how each
ingredient can relieve indigestion. (2)
Mg(OH)2 + 2HCl  MgCl2 + 2HOH
Al(OH)3 + 3HCl  AlCl3 + 3HOH
(c) Three antacid preparations contain 0.01 mol of one of
the following – Mg(OH)2, Al(OH)3 and NaHCO3. Identify
the most effective antacid. Give a reason for your
choice, with reference to the antacid formula. (2)
Al(OH)3; it will neutralize 3 molecules of HCl/0.03 moles HCl
Review: D3
12.
The structures of some analgesics are shown in Table 21 of the Data Booklet. Refer to this
table when answering parts (b) and (c) of this question.
(a)
(b)
Explain the difference in the method of action of mild analgesics and strong analgesics. (2)
Mild: intercept pain at the source
Strong: interact with/block receptor sites in the brain
State the name of the nitrogen-containing functional group in each of the following. (2)
Amide
Paracetamol ................................................................................................................
(tertiary) amine
Heroin .........................................................................................................................
(c) Naturally-occurring morphine can be converted into synthetic heroin by reaction with ethanoic
acid. Identify the group in the morphine molecule that reacts with ethanoic acid, the name of the
type of reaction and the other product of the reaction. (3)
OH/alcohol/hydroxyl/phenol (all mean the same thing)
Group in morphine molecule .......................................................................................
Esterification/condensation
Type of reaction ...........................................................................................................
Water/H O
2
Other product of reaction .............................................................................................
Review, D4
20. Acidified potassium dichromate(VI) is commonly used in roadside
tests for ethanol in the breath of persons operating motor vehicles. It
reacts with the ethanol present to form ethanoic acid.
(a) State the function of potassium dichromate(VI) and
give the colour change that takes place in this reaction. (2)
Oxidizer; orangegreen
(b) Identify two other methods for the detection of ethanol in a
person’s breath or blood that are considered to be more
accurate. (2)
Gas/liquid chromatography; infrared spectroscopy
(c) State one harmful effect of aspirin that is more likely to occur
if it is taken with ethanol. (1)
Stomach bleeding/ulcers
#1: D5
23. (a) State the name of the class of drugs with effects similar to
that of adrenaline. Outline one effect of these drugs on
Stimulants
humans. (2)
1: Increased heart rate/blood
pressure/breathing rate, dilation of pupils,
(b) (i) Identify thesweating
stimulant responsible for addiction to
smoking tobacco. (1)
Nicotine
(ii) Describe 2 short-term effects of smoking tobacco. (2)
2: Increased heart rate/blood
pressure/concentration, decreased urine
(iii) Describe two
long-term effects of smoking tobacco,
production
other than addiction. (2)
Increased cancer/stroke/heart disease risk, ulcers, emphysema,
bronchitis, coughing, bad breath, yellowing teeth/fingers
#2: D5
11. Methylamphetamine (also known as methamphetamine or
“speed”) and caffeine are stimulants with the following structures.
Methamphetamine:
Caffeine:
(a)(i)On the structure for methylamphetamine
above, draw a ring around the amine group. (1)
(ii)Determine whether both amine groups in caffeine are
primary, secondary or tertiary. (1) Both= tertiary
(b)Caffeine contains the group R-CONH2 . State the general name
for this functional group. (1)
Amide (also called a “peptide”)
#3: D6
14.(a) Describe the differences between bacteria and viruses,
by referring to their structures and the way they multiply. (4)
Bacteria are large/viruses are smaller; bacteria are cellular/viruses are noncellular; bacteria have a cell wall/cytoplasm/organelles
Bacteria can feed/excrete/respirate/grow outside cells (opposite for viruses
Viruses insert DNA/RNA into cells/rely on a host cell to reproduce; bacteria
multiply by cell division/mitosis/meiosis
(ANY 4, 1 POINT EACH)
(b) Outline two ways in which antiviral drugs work. (2)
Alter host cell’s genetic material; prevent virus from multiplying; alter the
viruses bonding site on the host cell
#4: D6
Penicillin G was the first antibiotic used to fight infections. The
structure of this antibiotic is as follows:
(b) Decrease acid sensitivity so it can be
swallowed; decrease deactivation by
penicillinase
(a) Determine the molecular formula of penicillin G. (1)
C16H18O4N2S
(b) State 2 reasons for modifying the side chain in penicillin G (2)
(c) Describe the mode of action of penicillin in preventing the
with cell wall formation (decreases
growth of bacteria. Interferes
(2)
the cross-linking); cells fill with water and burst
(d) Discuss two effects of over prescription of penicillin to
humans. (2) 2: makes pennicillin less effective; resistant strains of
bacteria can develop; destroys useful bacteria
(c) Ii
Mimic the effect of adrenaline
(any 2) stimulate nervous system; speed up heart
rate, increase sweat production; increase
breathing
rate
40. Caffeine
is a stimulant with the following structure.
#5: D5
(a) Determine whether both amine groups in caffeine are primary, secondary or
tertiary. (1)
tertiary
(b) Caffeine contains the group R–CONH2. State the general name for this
functional group. (1) amide
(c) Tablets of the drug Ecstasy are sometimes contaminated with a substance
called 4−MTA.
(i) Ecstasy and 4-MTAare sympathomimetic drugs.
Identify the structural similarity between the two drugs and
epinephrine (adrenaline), the structure of which is given in
Table20 of the Data Booklet (1)
All have a benzene ring attached to 2 carbon atoms and 1 amine group
(ii) Outline what is meant by the term sympathomimetic drug
and state 2 examples of short-term effects sympathomimetic
drugs have on the body. (3)
(iii) State 1 example of a long-term effect of taking stimulants. (1)