BA 11/17 (3rd Block)

Living in the south, the Civil War continues
to be an important part of our lives.

Write a paragraph about what the Civil
War means to you AND what you want to
learn about.

Since you are writing a paragraph, you do
not have to write the question!!
BA 9/18
1.Define popular sovereignty.
2. What is the importance of the Kansas-Nebraska act?
3. What’s the importance of John Brown’s Raid?
4. What was the ruling of the Dred Scott case? What was
its importance?
5. Why does Lincoln’s election force the South to secede?
Civil War 1861-1865
Chapter 10, Section 4
Chapter 11
SSUSH9
The student will identify key events, issues, and individuals relating to the causes,
course, and consequences of the Civil War.
b. Describe President Lincoln’s efforts to preserve the Union as seen in his second
inaugural address and the Gettysburg speech and in his use of emergency powers,
such as his decision to suspend habeas corpus.
c. Describe the roles of Ulysses Grant, Robert E. Lee, “Stonewall” Jackson, William T.
Sherman, and Jefferson Davis.
d. Explain the importance of Fort Sumter, Antietam, Vicksburg, Gettysburg, and the
Battle for Atlanta and the impact of geography on these battles.
e. Describe the significance of the Emancipation Proclamation.
f. Explain the importance of the growing economic disparity between the North and the
South through an examination of population, functioning railroads, and industrial
output.
Background

1860: Abraham Lincoln wins presidential
election
 Receives

no electoral votes from South
Not on ballot in most slave states

Lincoln’s victory convinces South they lost their
political voice in national government

December 20, 1860: South Carolina secedes
from US
Abraham
Lincoln
Background continued

SC secession soon followed by Mississippi,
Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana and Texas
8

slaves states still in Union
Seceded states meet to form the Confederate
States of America
 Create a Constitution
 Protected and recognized slavery in new territories

Confederate States elect Jefferson Davis as
president
 Make
Richmond, Virginia state capital
Jefferson
Davis
Jefferson Davis

Born in Kentucky

Grew up in Mississippi

West Point graduate

US Senator from 1846-1856

Leaves Senate when Mississippi secedes

Great military leader

Poor confederate manager

Bad relations with Confederate leaders hurts South’s chances of
independence
Undecided Slave States

Maryland, Kentucky, Missouri, & Delaware are slave
states undecided about secession

Lincoln believes these states are essential to
Union’s success if Civil War starts
Importance of undecided states:
1. Factories used for war materials
2. Access to important rail & water routes
 Use

to move troops & supplies
Stay with US & keep slavery until end of war
7 Major Events of Civil War
1861-1863 (South winning war)
1. Fort Sumter
2. Manassas (AKA: Bull Run)
3. Antietam
1863-1865 (North winning war)
1. Gettysburg
2. Vicksburg
3. Battle for Atlanta
4. Sherman’s March to the Sea
Fort Sumter

Confederate states start taking over federal
buildings in their states
 Ex: courthouses, post offices, and forts

Want federal fort of Fort Sumter
 Fort Sumter: located on island in Charleston,
SC harbor

Confederacy threatens Fort Sumter
 Surrender or face attack
Fort Sumter continued

Sumter’s commander sends message to Lincoln
 Fort

only has 6 weeks of food & little ammo
Lincoln decides to send fort food but no backup
 Sends
backup: Lincoln at fault for starting war
 Surrenders: Lincoln gives in to South’s demands
 Sends food: if South attacks, they are to blame for
war

Confederate President Davis declares war
Fort Sumter continued

Fort Sumter surrenders to South
 Bombed

with more than 4,000 rounds
Importance: news of Fort Sumter’s defeat
unites North & officially starts Civil War
Lincoln’s inauguration
Start of Civil War

North: Union
South: Confederates

Both sides expect a short war

North’s 4 Civil War advantages:
1. Larger fighting population
2. Greater food production
3. Larger railroad system
4. Factories to produce military supplies
Start of Civil War continued
South’s 5 Civil War advantages:
1. Huge profits from cotton
2. Excellent generals
 Ex:
Stonewall Jackson & Robert E. Lee
3. Strong military tradition
4. Home-field advantage
5. Highly motivated troops

Group Activity here!
BA 2/21
1. What attack started the Civil War?
2. What are the North’s 4 advantages?
3. What are the South’s 5 advantages?
Battle of Manassas (1861)

Known in north as Bull Run

First major bloodshed in war

30,000 inexperienced Union troops march
toward Confederate capital in Richmond, VA

Meet Confederate troops & General Stonewall
Jackson
Stonewall
Jackson
Battle of Manassas continued

Stonewall holds off Union until
reinforcements arrive

First southern victory in Civil War
Importance:
1. Boosts South’s morale
2. Gives South war momentum
First bull run
Antietam

Spring 1862: Robert E. Lee becomes commander of
Confederate Army

Lee decides to attack Washington D.C.

While Lee was moving, Union scout explores old
Confederate camp


Finds copy of Lee’s army orders wrapped around cigars
Union General McClellan decides to sneak attack Lee
before he makes it to Washington D.C.
Robert
E.
Lee
George
McClellan
Antietam continued

Antietam: creek in Maryland where Union (McClellan) &
Confederates (Lee) meet
Importance:
1. Bloodiest single day battle in American history

26,000 killed

More than War of 1812 and Mexican War combined
2. Lee & Confederates retreat

Confederates lose 25% of troops
3. Union General McClellan refuses to pursue


If Union pursued, they could have ended the war
McClellan fired next day by Lincoln
Dunker Church
Bloody Lane
Lincoln and McClellan
Gen Lee’s invasion
3 Reasons for South’s Early Civil
War Victories (1861-1863)
1. Excellent military leadership by Robert E.
Lee & Stonewall Jackson
2. Highly motivated
3. Have many young men willing to fight
 Fighting

population will die out over war
North will recruit new immigrants to US
Lincoln’s Emancipation
Proclamation

Early in Civil War, Lincoln faces 2 problems:
1. South sent ambassadors to England seeking
military alliance
 Alliance
would give South war advantage
2. Lincoln dislikes slavery, but does not believe federal
government can abolish it

Solves both problems with Emancipation
Proclamation
Emancipation Proclamation

Issued by President Lincoln on January 1,
1863

Ends slavery in Confederate States of
America
 Does
not apply to slave states still part of
Union


Maryland, Kentucky, Missouri, Delaware
Allows free blacks to enter Union Army
Emancipation Quote
“All persons held as slaves within any State
or designated part of a State the people
whereof shall then be in rebellion against
the United States, shall be then,
thenceforward, and forever free… And
upon this act, sincerely believed to be an
act of justice, warranted by the
Constitution upon military necessity, I
invoke the considerate judgment of
mankind, and the gracious favor of
Almighty God.”
Importance of Emancipation
Proclamation
1.Gives Civil War a moral purpose for North
 Now
North knows it is fighting to end slavery
2. Allows African Americans to fight for
cause
 End

of war make up 10% of Union Army
Most were former slaves from South
3. Britain refuses to ally with South
 Against
slavery in England
Emancipation Video
Habeas Corpus

Not all members of Union agree with Lincoln’s
actions
 Disloyal

members in Union
Lincoln deals with disloyalty forcefully
 Suspends

Habeas Corpus
Habeas Corpus: court order requiring authorities to
bring a person held in jail before a court to
determine why he is being jailed
Habeas Corpus continued
Importance:
1. 13,000 Union dissenters arrested & held
without trial during war
2. Starts presidential tradition of expanding
presidential powers during war
Turning Tides of War

1863: Civil War momentum changes to Union
4 reasons for change:
1. Plantation system decline

No one to work fields & Union blockade of southern ports
2. Loss of Confederate Generals

Stonewall Jackson killed
3. Large northern industry & population

Quickly make more weapons and supplies
4. Union leadership under Grant & Sherman
Gettysburg (1863)

3 day battle in Gettysburg, PA

Turning point of Civil War
 South winning most battles before Gettysburg

Confederate troops under A.P. Hill lack shoes
 Hear about a supply in Gettysburg

Hill meets with Robert E. Lee in Gettysburg
Gettysburg map
General
Ambrose
Powell
Hill
Gettysburg continued

Union troops surround Gettysburg & set
up defense in hills

Lee spends 2 days in uphill battle trying to
force Union to surrender

Union holds hill & forces Lee to retreat
Importance of Gettysburg
1. Massive casualties
 Union:
23,000
 Confederacy: 28,000
2. Turning point in war
 Union
starts winning major battles
3. Cripples South so badly they will never be
able to attack the North again
Gettysburg Address

November 1863
4
months after Gettysburg

Lincoln’s speech at a ceremony for cemetery built
at Gettysburg battlefield

Speech lasted for only 2 minutes
 Seen

as one of America’s greatest speeches
Importance: speech shows Lincoln’s desire to see
US survive & reunite nation
Gettysburg Address
Siege of Vicksburg (1863)

Union General Ulysses S. Grant splitting
Confederate troops in half
 Working

Vicksburg, Mississippi, one of remaining
Confederate cities west of Mississippi
 Also

on western side of Mississippi River
an important waterway to transport goods
Spring 1863: Grant attacks
 First
2 attacks into city failed
General
Ulysses
S.
Grant
Siege of Vicksburg continued

Grant bombs city for 40 days
 Residents

forced to hide in man-made hillside caves
Food supplies run low
 People
eat dogs and mules

Grant attacks city

July 4th, 1863: Vicksburg surrenders to Grant
 City
will not celebrate 4th of July for 80 years
Importance of Vicksburg
1. Split Confederate forces in half
 No
communication between east and west forces
2. End of Confederate threat west of Mississippi
3. Union can focus attack on Robert E. Lee
4. Grant appointed commander of Union Army
 Grant
appoints William Tecumseh Sherman
commander of Mississippi
William
Tecumseh
Sherman
Role of Grant & Sherman

Both believe in total war

Essential to fight South’s army, government, & civilian
population
2 reasons for attacking civilians:
1. Civilians produce weapons, food, and transport goods to
army
2. People’s will kept war going

Defeating the will of the people will end the war
Roles continued

Grant plans to attack Lee in Virginia

Sherman will raid Georgia & Confederate
army protecting Atlanta
Battle for Atlanta

Atlanta: major Confederacy railroad line

Sherman wants to control railroad &
supply line

After 5 months of fighting, Sherman wins
Atlanta
 Burns

down city after victory
Scene used in Gone with the Wind
Battle of Atlanta continued
Importance:
1. Boosts Northern morale
1. Leads to Lincoln’s reelection
2. Starts Sherman’s March to the Sea
Lincoln’s 2nd Inaugural Address

Union victories in South and Sherman’s
win in Atlanta helps Lincoln’s reelection in
1864

Lincoln issues inaugural speech while Civil
War was days from ending

Designed to reunite the North & South
3 Parts of Lincoln’s speech:
1. Unite North & South
2. Evils of slavery
3. Start Reconstruction

Reconstruction: federal policy after Civil
War designed to reunite US, end slavery,
& rebuild South
Sherman’s March to the Sea

Ran from Atlanta to Savannah
 After
reaching Savannah, Sherman will destroy
Charleston and parts of North Carolina on way to
Virginia

Consisted of 100,000 Union troops

Designed to take all hope & fight out of south
 Sherman:
“make Southerners so sick of war that
generations would pass away before they would
again appeal to it”
Sherman before burning Atlanta

Ordered all citizens removed
 Mayor

wrote letter of protest
Sherman’s remarks: “The only way the
people of Atlanta can hope once more to live
in peace and quiet at home, is to stop the
war, which can only be done by admitting that
it began in error and is perpetuated in pride.
We don’t want… your lands, or anything you
have, but we do want and will have a just
obedience to the laws of the United States
Sherman’s march continued

Sherman orders troops to burn crops, kill
livestock, consume supplies, & destroy civilian
houses & buildings along their path

What was not eaten was killed or destroyed
 Railroad


lines were bent around trees
Telegraph lines are cut to stop communication
December 22, 1864: Savannah surrenders to
Sherman
 Not
burned to the ground because it unconditionally
surrendered
Green-Meldrim Mansion
Sherman’s march continued

December 26: Sherman offers Lincoln
Savannah as a Christmas gift
 Issues

40 acres and a mule speech
By Savannah, 25,000 former slaves
following Sherman
Eliza Frances Andrews
“The fields were trampled down and the
road was lined with carcasses of horses,
hogs, and cattle that the invaders, unable
either to consume or to carry away with
them, had wantonly shot down, to starve
out the people and prevent them for
making their crops… the dwellings that
were standing all showed signs of
pillage… while here and there lone
chimney stacks, ‘Sherman’s sentinels,’
told of home laid in ashes”
End of Civil War

March 1865: Sherman & Grant marching to
Richmond, VA


April 2: Lee sends message to Davis that he is
being overrun by Union troops


Davis sets fire to Richmond so Union cannot capture it
April 9: General Lee surrenders to Grant & Sherman


Want to take down Confederate capital and Jefferson
Davis
End of fighting in Civil War
Davis on run until May 1865

Captured in Irwinville, GA
Lee surrenders
Civil War’s Legacy
3 major changes from Civil War:
1. Political
2. Economic
3. Social
Legacy continued
1. Political

Increases Federal government’s power


Becomes supreme authority of US
Federal government passes military draft
2. Economic

Creation of national railroad system

Ruined South’s economy


No slaves, destroyed farms
Widened money gap between North & South

1870: less than 40% of South earned average pay
in North
3. Social Legacy

Creation of 13th Amendment
 13th

Amendment: abolish slavery in all US states
Nurse Clara Barton creates American Red Cross
 Provides
help for human suffering (earthquakes,
hurricanes, national disasters)

Lincoln assassinated by John Wilkes Booth
 Assassinated
in Ford Theater 5 days after Lee’s
surrender

Policy of Reconstruction in South
John
Wilkes
Booth
Lincoln is assassinated