Chapter 8
Kingdom Protista







Protist – a single or many
celled organism that lies in
moist or wet surroundings
Eukaryotic
Plant like
Animal like
Fungus like
Some contain chlorophyll
Some do not have
chlorophyll
Evolution of Protists



Evolved from bacteria b/c they are more
advanced than bacteria
Cyanobacteria evolved into plantlike protists
Protists are the ancestors of fungus, plants and
animals
Plantlike Protists




Also known as algae
Autotrophs
Desmid
Spirogyra,

Pediastrum, a flat
colony of green algae




green algae is Volvox.
a spherical colony.
All the small cells of the
colony possess two
flagella and a small
eyespot.
colony is able to swim
towards the light.
Fucus - algae
Brown seaweed

Red seaweed
algae
Ulva – sea lettuce
Euglena







Single celled
Characteristics of both
plants and animals
Plant – chlorophyll
Animal – locomotion
- flagella
- no sun
becomes heterotroph
Eyespot – senses light
Diatoms
-unicellular
-shell made of silica or
glass w/ two parts that fit
together snuggly
-golden brown pigment
that masks chlorophyll
-when die sink to bottom
of ocean
Used in toothpaste and
road lines
Dinoflagellates
-
Armor made of cellulose
Spinning flagellates
-
-
-
One flagella moves the cell
One flagella circle the cell to
spin it
Unicellular
Store food in form of starch
and oils
Live in salt water
Food for saltwater organisms
Red tide – over population of
dino. produce toxins in water
and kill organisms
Animal like protists - protozoa


One-celled
Habitat: water, soil living
and dead organisms


Amoeba
Pseudopods – “false
feet”
–
Used for locomotion

–
Cytoplasmic streaming
Used for feeding
–
Pseudopod forms
around the food. This
forms a vacuole.

Amoeba with food
vacuoles
flagellates


Protozoa that use
flagellum
Ex. Trypanosoma –
–
Responsible for African
Sleeping Sickness
ciliates
Ciliates – Paramecium







Slipper shaped
Cilia – short hairs from cell
membrane
- used in locomotion
- food getting
Pellicle – outer skin
Macronucleus – controls
everyday activities
Micronucleus – used in
reproduction






Oral groove – cilia sweep
bacteria into this mouth
Food vacuole forms
Anal pore – waste vacuole
removed
Contractile vacuole – controls
water in cell
Trichocysts – anchor animal
- capture food
Paramecium
Sexual reproduction of paramecium
conjugation




Overcrowding or
environmental stress
2 paramecium line up
side to side and
exchange genetic
material
Micronucleus is
exchanged
Go on to binary fission
Fungus like protists





Live in moist soil and on
decaying plants and
trees
Very colorful
Move by forming
pseudopods
Feed on bacteria and
other microorganisms
Reproduce by spores

Pretzel slime mold
Yellow slime mold
Dog vomit slime mold
Slime mold on grass

Water Molds




Fuzzy white growths on
decaying matter
Grow as a mass of
threads over a plant or
animal and digest it
Reproductive cells with
flagella
Have cell walls
Water mold