Biology Review Guide
Cellular Transport
Terms:
Osmosis, isotonic solution, hypertonic solution, hypotonic solution, passive
transport, diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport, transport of large
particles, endocytosis, exocytosis, selectively permeable membrane, solvent, solute,
osmosis in vivo,
What role does the plasma membrane play in maintaining homeostasis?
What is a selectively permeable membrane?
What are the two parts of a solution? Name and define each.
What are the three types of solutions? Name and define each.
Draw examples of the three types of solutions.
How does osmosis work?
How does osmosis affect a cell in vivo?
What are the two types of passive transport?
What is facilitated diffusion?
Describe active transport.
What do passive transport, active transport, and osmosis require in terms of
proteins and energy?
Which of the types of cellular transport moves particles down their concentration
gradient? Against it?
What are the types of cytosis?
Does diffusion take place only in watery environments?
When does the process of diffusion stop?
Biology Review Guide
Cellular Transport
Terms:
Osmosis, isotonic solution, hypertonic solution, hypotonic solution, passive
transport, diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport, transport of large
particles, endocytosis, exocytosis, selectively permeable membrane, solvent, solute,
osmosis in vivo,
What role does the plasma membrane play in maintaining homeostasis?
It controls what substances may enter and exit the cell and determines which
and how much waste is eliminated from the cell.
What is a selectively permeable membrane?
A membrane that lets some things into the cell while keeping others out.
What are the two parts of a solution? Name and define each.
Solute: whatever there’s “less” of (usually salt, sugar, ions, particles, etc.)
Solvent: whatever there’s “more” of (usually water)
What are the three types of solutions? Name and define each.
Hypotonic: contains a low concentration of solute
Hyper tonic: contains a high concentration of solute
Isotonic: contains equal concentrations of solute
Draw examples of the three types of solutions.
How does osmosis work?
In regular diffusion, solutes travel from hypertonic to hypotonic. In osmosis, a
semipermeable membrane blocks the normal diffusion, so, as a result, the
SOLVENT (water) has to travel in the opposite direction (hypotonic to
hypertonic) in order to create equilibrium
How does osmosis affect a cell in vivo?
Cell in hypotonic solution will swell up because water will move into the cell.
Cell in hypertonic solution will shrivel up because water will move outside of
the cell.
Cell in isotonic solution does not change size.
What are the two types of passive transport?
Diffusion & facilitated diffusion
What is facilitated diffusion?
A type of diffusion that moves particles across the membrane from high
concentration to low concentration through a transport protein
Describe active transport.
A type of diffusion that moves particles across the membrane from low
concentration to high concentration through a transport protein
*requires energy
What do passive transport, active transport, and osmosis require in terms of
proteins and energy?
Diffusion: requires no energy and no protein
Facilitated diffusion: requires no energy and a protein
Active transport: requires energy and a protein
Osmosis: requires no energy and no protein
Cytosis: requires energy but no protein
Which of the types of cellular transport moves particles down their concentration
gradient? Against it?
Passive transport: down
Active transport: against
What are the types of cytosis?
Endocytosis: particles are engulfed into cell
Exocytosis: particles are expelled from the cell
Does diffusion take place only in liquids?
No- it can take place in air, water, or through a semipermeable membrane.
When does the process of diffusion stop?
Once the concentration of substances becomes balanced on both sides of the
cellular membrane and equilibrium has been reached.