Blood and Cardiovascular System
By Sierra Nagy and Aaron Jaber
Function of the system
The function of the system is to carry oxygen and nutrients to
the body cells and pick up waste products to be degraded and
to pump blood throughout the body.
Major Organs
Bone Marrow
• Produces red blood cells and distributes blood.
• Red blood cells called erythrocytes are responsible for
transporting oxygen to the tissues.
Major Organs continued
Blood Vessels
• Carry blood from the heart
to the rest of the body and
their structure reflects their
function.
• Arteries that carry blood
from the heart must
withstand high blood
pressure or they could
burst.
Major Organs Continued
The Heart
• Receives blood from body cells and sends blood back to the
lungs for oxygenation.
• Then it receives oxygenated blood back from the lungs then
sends blood to the body cells once more.
Major Organs Continued
The Spleen
• Used for blood storage and cleaning
• It is filled with cells of the immune system
• As blood passes through it, it is checked for pathogens and
impurities.
(Make sure it is prone to rupture during traumatic injuries by
storing large amounts of blood).
Arteries and Veins
• Arteries- Blood vessels the carry blood away from the heart
• Veins- Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart
Capillaries Arterioles Venules
• Capillaries- Smallest of the blood vessels. Site
of exchange between the tissue and the
blood.
• Arterioles- Small muscular blood vessels that
deliver blood to capillaries.
• Venules- Small veins collecting blood to leave
capillaries.
Pathway of Blood Through the Heart
Pulmonary vs. Systemic Circulation
Pulmonary
•
•
Carries blood between the heart
and lungs where the blood gets
oxygen and then returns to the
heart.
Known as the shorter route
Systemic
• Takes blood all around the body
as it carries oxygen.
• Known as the longer route
Heart Sound
The causes of heart sound• The sound of normal heart beats are described as “lubbdubb”
• Blood flows from the atria into the ventricles causing the
tricuspid and mitral valves to close- producing the ‘lubb-dubb’
sound.
• The ventricles contract and push the blood out of the
ventricles into the pulmonary artery and aorta.
• The semi lunar valves close causing the “dub” sound.
• The atria refills with blood from the vena cavae and the
pulmonary vein, and the process repeats.
Components of the Blood
• About half of the blood is a pale yellow color called plasma which contains
nutrients that come from food.
• A little less than half of the blood is red blood cells which carry oxygen.
• 1/100 of the blood is white blood cells which fight germs and diseases.
• Red blood cells carrying oxygen make it a bright red color. It also takes
away carbon dioxide when exchanging oxygen changing it to a reddishblue color.
• The body gets energy from blood glucose which is a sugar that comes from
broken down food.
• Parts of glucose pass to cells, the body's main energy source.
• Clotting can occur when cells in blood called platelets lumps and causes
threads to form in the blood.
• Red blood cells get tangled in a net of sticky threads.
• The clot hardens to a scab to protect the wound as it heals.
Blood Type
•
•
•
•
•
8 different types:
O+, O-, A+, A-, B+,B-,AB+,ABA: Only has A antigen on red cells and B
antibody in plasma.
B: Only B antigen on red cells and A antibody
in plasma.
AB: Both A & B antigens on red cells, no A or B
antibody in plasma.
O: Neither A or B antigens on red cells with
both A & B antibodies in plasma
Blood Types continued
• Antigens- Substances that can trigger an
immune response if they are foreign to the
body. Can also attack transfused blood.
• Blood type is determined by the appearance
or absence of 2 antigens (A&B) on the surface
on red blood cells.
• Third antigen called Rh- factor which can +/RhbloodRh-Rh+Rh+
Blood types continued
•
•
•
•
A: Can only donate red blood cells to A & AB
B: Can donate to B & AB
If the donor and recipient
are from the same ethnicity,
AB: Donates to AB only
chances of a reaction can be
O: Can donate to all
reduced.
Mix of blood types in U.S.
Whites
Blacks
Hispanic Asian
O+
37%
47%
53%
39%
0-
8%
4%
4%
1%
A+
33%
24%
29%
27%
A-
7%
2%
2%
.5%
B+
9%
18%
9%
25%
B-
2%
1%
1%
.4%
AB +
3%
4%
2%
7%
AB -
1%
.3%
.2%
.1%
Lipoproteins
• There are three different types of lipoproteins
• Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL)- Associated with coronary
atherosclerosis (the bad one) which is a condition in which an
artery wall thickens as a result of the accumulation of fatty
materials such as cholesterol
• High Density Lipoproteins (HLD)- Protects against
cardiovascular disease, the good one.
• Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL)- Made by the liver from
triglycerides, cholesterol and apolipoproteins which are
proteins that bind lipids.
• Also particles range in size from 10 to 1000 nanometers.
Diseases
There are two types of heart diseases: Acquired and
Congenital
Acquired
• Develops later in life
• Happens within 2 years of
birth
Congenital
• Exists at birth
• The most common is found
in a new born in which they
are born with a hole in their
septum.
Diseases Continued
• The most common heart diseases in young people are
Kawasaki Disease, cardiomyopathy, rheumatic, and
myocarditis.
• Symptoms of Kawasaki Disease – inflammation of blood
vessels, high fever, and skin rashes. You may even have
permanent damage even after recovery.
Diseases
Cardiomypathy- a disease that damages the heart
muscles, causing them to tighten, thicken or become
too large. Some symptoms are dizziness, swollen
hands or feet, extreme tiredness, and feeling out of
breath.
Diseases
Myocarditis Disease- Caused by the body’s immune
system. The immune system responds to a virus or other
infection buy also attacks the heart. Symptoms: Cold hands
and feet, decreased urine due to kidney damage, chest pain,
fever, and swelling.
Diseases
Rheumatic Heart Disease- The most common in
children. Often occurs after a person had an illness due to an
infection. This causes damage to valves , over all fatigue and
extreme tiredness.
You look funny with your head tilted that way
Thank you have a nice day!